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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">942</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2026-16-2-126-133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term outcomes of neoadjuvant radiotherapy of rectal cancer during the novel coronavirus pandemic. Multicenter retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отдаленные результаты неоадъювантной дистанционной лучевой терапии у больных раком прямой кишки в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции. Многоцентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование с использованием псевдорандомизации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4671-8532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchanov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищанов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgi@kantoku.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4944-4035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgi@kantoku.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgi@kantoku.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-0158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgi@kantoku.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgi@kantoku.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2499-6637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskalenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москаленко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dgi@kantoku.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka», Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.N. Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Proctology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр колопроктологии им. А. Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Branch Oncology Center No. 1 of the S. S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Филиал «Онкологический центр № 1 Городской клинической больницы им. С. С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/942">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/942</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Neoadjuvant radiotherapy remains the standard treatment for patients with rectal cancer; however, the choice between short-course radiotherapy (25 Gy in 5 fractions) and long-course chemoradiotherapy (50–54 Gy with fluoropyrimidines) remains debatable. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for comparative assessment of these modalities increased due to the necessity of optimizing treatment under conditions of increased burden on the healthcare system.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To compare long-term outcomes of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer depending on the radiotherapy regimen during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed. Propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio was used to adjust for observed confounders. The primary endpoint was 2-year recurrence-free survival; the secondary endpoint was 2-year overall survival.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> After propensity score matching, 94 patients were analyzed in each group. Two-year recurrence-free survival in the short-course group was 81.9 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 74.4–90) compared to 76.6 % (95 % CI 68.5–85.7) in the chemoradiation group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.464). Two-year overall survival reached 95.7 % (95 % CI 91.7–99.9) and 94.6 % (95 % CI 90.1–99.3), respectively (<italic>p</italic> = 0.941). No statistically significant differences in survival outcomes were observed between the groups.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Short-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy demonstrate comparable long-term outcomes in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer. Definitive conclusions can be made with a longer follow-up.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Неоадъювантная дистанционная лучевая терапия остается стандартом лечения больных раком прямой кишки, однако выбор между коротким курсом (25 Гр за 5 фракций) и пролонгированной химиолучевой терапией (50–54 Гр с фторпиримидинами) остается дискутабельным. В период пандемии COVID-19 актуальность сравнительной оценки этих методов возросла в связи с необходимостью оптимизации лечебного процесса в условиях повышенной нагрузки на систему здравоохранения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – сравнение отдаленных результатов неоадъювантной дистанционной лучевой терапии у больных негенерализованным раком прямой кишки в зависимости от режима лучевой терапии в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено многоцентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование. Для коррекции наблюдаемых конфаундеров выполнен подбор пар по индексу соответствия в соотношении 1:1. Первичная конечная точка – 2-летняя безрецидивная выживаемость, вторичная – 2-летняя общая выживаемость.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> После подбора пар по индексу соответствия в каждой группе проанализировано по 94 пациента. Двухлетняя безрецидивная выживаемость в группе короткого курса составила 81,9 % (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 74,4–90), в группе химиолучевой терапии – 76,6 % (95 % ДИ 68,5–85,7 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0,464). Двухлетняя общая выживаемость достигла 95,7 % (95 % ДИ 91,7–99,9) и 94,6 % (95 % ДИ 90,1–99,3) соответственно (<italic>p</italic> = 0,941). Статистически значимых различий между группами по показателям выживаемости не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Короткий курс лучевой терапии и пролонгированная химиолучевая терапия демонстрируют сопоставимые отдаленные результаты у больных негенерализованным раком прямой кишки. Окончательные выводы возможны после более длительного наблюдения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>chemoradiotherapy</kwd><kwd>short-course radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>propensity score matching</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>химиолучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>короткий курс лучевой терапии</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>псевдорандомизация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Benson A.B., Venook A.P., Adam M. et al. NCCN Guidelines® insights: rectal cancer, version 3.2024: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024;22(6):366–75. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2024.0041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Федянин М.Ю., Гладков О.А., Гордеев С.С. и др. 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