<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">93</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2220-3478-2013-0-3-18-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ORGAN-SPARING SURGERY FOR RECTAL CANCER: EVOLUTION, CURRENT TRENDS, AND PROSPECTS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ОРГАНОСОХРАНЯЮЩАЯ ХИРУРГИЯ РАКА ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ – ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tamrazov</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тамразов</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oncopro@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasulov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расулов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oncopro@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeyev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oncopro@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-09-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Tamrazov R.I., Rasulov A.O., Gordeyev S.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Тамразов Р.И., Расулов А.О., Гордеев С.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tamrazov R.I., Rasulov A.O., Gordeyev S.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тамразов Р.И., Расулов А.О., Гордеев С.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/93">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/93</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes the main stages of the development of sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer. An historical look at this issue from the standpoint of research of past years in our country and abroad, as well as analysis of current sphincter-preserving surgery and future directions in this area.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье отражены основные этапы развития органосохраняющей хирургии рака прямой кишки. Приведен исторический взгляд на данную проблему с позиций исследований прошлых лет в нашей стране и за рубежом, а также анализ современного представления сфинктеросохраняющих операций и перспективные направления в этой области.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>sphincter-preserving surgery</kwd><kwd>staplers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>сфинктеросохраняющие операции</kwd><kwd>сшивающие аппараты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Бондарь Г.В., Барсуков Ю.А., Башеев В.Х. Органосохраняющие резекции прямой кишки при раке. Хирургия 1988;11:12–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь Г.В., Барсуков Ю.А., Башеев В.Х. Органосохраняющие резекции прямой кишки при раке. Хирургия 1988;11:12–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Бондарь Г.В., Башеев В.Х. Восстановление естественного акта дефекации при хирургическом лечении рака нижнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки. Мат. VIII съезда онкологов Украины. Киев, 1991. С. 354–355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь Г.В., Башеев В.Х. Восстановление естественного акта дефекации при хирургическом лечении рака нижнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки. Мат. VIII съезда онкологов Украины. Киев, 1991. С. 354–355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Бондарь Г.В., Васильев С.Д. Зонд для удаления полого трубчатого органа. Авторское свидетельство № 1355261 от 22.10.84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь Г.В., Васильев С.Д. Зонд для удаления полого трубчатого органа. Авторское свидетельство № 1355261 от 22.10.84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Брайцев В.П. Заболевания прямой кишки. М.: Медгиз, 1952. 345 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брайцев В.П. Заболевания прямой кишки. М.: Медгиз, 1952. 345 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Давыдов М.И. Этюды онкохирургии. 2009, с. 46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдов М.И. Этюды онкохирургии. 2009, с. 46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. Кныш В.И. Рак ободочной и прямой кишки. М: Медицина, 1997. 303 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кныш В.И. Рак ободочной и прямой кишки. М: Медицина, 1997. 303 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Кныш В.И., Царюк В.Ф., Гуськов И.А. Наложение компрессионных анастомозов при операциях по поводу рака толстой кишки. Хирургия 1984;3:107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кныш В.И., Царюк В.Ф., Гуськов И.А. Наложение компрессионных анастомозов при операциях по поводу рака толстой кишки. Хирургия 1984;3:107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Нисневич Л.М. Новое в хирургии рака прямой кишки. В кн.: Злокачественные опухоли. М., 1947. С. 36–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нисневич Л.М. Новое в хирургии рака прямой кишки. В кн.: Злокачественные опухоли. М., 1947. С. 36–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Петров Н.Н., Холдин С.А. Одномоментная абдомино-анальная резекция прямой кишки. В кн.: Злокачественные опухоли. М., 1947. С. 38–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров Н.Н., Холдин С.А. Одномоментная абдомино-анальная резекция прямой кишки. В кн.: Злокачественные опухоли. М., 1947. С. 38–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Фатюшина О.А. Формирование бесшовных компрессионных анастомозов на тонкой кишке при помощи устройства из никелида титана с эффектом памяти формы (экспериментальное исследование). Томск, 2002. 22 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фатюшина О.А. Формирование бесшовных компрессионных анастомозов на тонкой кишке при помощи устройства из никелида титана с эффектом памяти формы (экспериментальное исследование). Томск, 2002. 22 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Astafiev G. Investigation process relating to tissue compression in suturing and stapling apparatus: surgical stapler. Chirurgicheskiey Shivayushiye Apparaty 1967;7:22–31(translated from the Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astafiev G. Investigation process relating to tissue compression in suturing and stapling apparatus: surgical stapler. Chirurgicheskiey Shivayushiye Apparaty 1967;7:22–31(translated from the Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Athanasiadis S., Girona I. [Surgical treatment of radiation-induced rectovaginal fistulas by the continence resection procedure]. Zentralbl Chir 1982;107:1160–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Athanasiadis S., Girona I. [Surgical treatment of radiation-induced rectovaginal fistulas by the continence resection procedure]. Zentralbl Chir 1982;107:1160–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. Babcock W.W. Experiences with resection of the colon and the elimination of colostomy. Am J Surg 1939;46:186–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babcock W.W. Experiences with resection of the colon and the elimination of colostomy. Am J Surg 1939;46:186–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Bacon H.E. Evolution of sphincter muscle preservation and re-establishment of continuity in the operative treatment of rectal and sigmoidal cancer. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1945;81:113–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacon H.E. Evolution of sphincter muscle preservation and re-establishment of continuity in the operative treatment of rectal and sigmoidal cancer. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1945;81:113–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15. Baker R.S., Foote J., Kemmeter P. et al. The science of stapling and leaks.Obes Surg 2004;14:1290–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker R.S., Foote J., Kemmeter P. et al. The science of stapling and leaks.Obes Surg 2004;14:1290–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16. Baran J.J., Goldstein S.D., Resnik A.M. The double-stapling technique in colorectal anastomosis. Am Surg 1992;58:270–2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baran J.J., Goldstein S.D., Resnik A.M. The double-stapling technique in colorectal anastomosis. Am Surg 1992;58:270–2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17. Bebenek M., Pudełko M., Cisarż K., Balcerzak A. et al. Therapeutic results in low-rectal cancer patients treated with abdominosacral resection are similar to those obtained by means of anterior resection in mid- and upper-rectal cancer cases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33(3):320–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bebenek M., Pudełko M., Cisarż K., Balcerzak A. et al. Therapeutic results in low-rectal cancer patients treated with abdominosacral resection are similar to those obtained by means of anterior resection in mid- and upper-rectal cancer cases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33(3):320–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Benchimol D., Chazal M., Mouroux J. et al. [Oncological and functional results of direct colo-anal anastomosis after total resection of the rectum for cancer]. Ann Chir 1994;48:596–603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benchimol D., Chazal M., Mouroux J. et al. [Oncological and functional results of direct colo-anal anastomosis after total resection of the rectum for cancer]. Ann Chir 1994;48:596–603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19. Bittorf B., Stadelmaier U., Gohl J. et al. Functional outcome after intersphincteric resection of the rectum with coloanal anastomosis in low rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004;30:260–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bittorf B., Stadelmaier U., Gohl J. et al. Functional outcome after intersphincteric resection of the rectum with coloanal anastomosis in low rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004;30:260–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Black B.M., McElwain J.W., Portin B.A., Ray J.E. Pull-through procedure: what, when, how, why. Dis Colon Rectum 1969;12:77–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Black B.M., McElwain J.W., Portin B.A., Ray J.E. Pull-through procedure: what, when, how, why. Dis Colon Rectum 1969;12:77–95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21. Bozzetti F., Bertario L., Bombelli L. et al. Double versus single stapling technique in rectal anastomosis. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992 Feb;7(1):31–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozzetti F., Bertario L., Bombelli L. et al. Double versus single stapling technique in rectal anastomosis. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992 Feb;7(1):31–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22. Cavaliere F., Pemberton J.H., Cosimelli M. et al. Coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer. Long-term results at the Mayo and Cleveland Clinics. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:807–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cavaliere F., Pemberton J.H., Cosimelli M. et al. Coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer. Long-term results at the Mayo and Cleveland Clinics. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:807–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23. Cohen Z., Myers E., Langer B. et al. Double stapling technique for low anterior resection. Dis Colon Rectum 1983; 26:231–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen Z., Myers E., Langer B. et al. Double stapling technique for low anterior resection. Dis Colon Rectum 1983; 26:231–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24. Cutait D.E., Figlioni F.J. A new method colorectal anastomosis in abdominoperineal resection. Dis Colon Rectum 1961;4: 335–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cutait D.E., Figlioni F.J. A new method colorectal anastomosis in abdominoperineal resection. Dis Colon Rectum 1961;4: 335–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25. Dixon C.F. Anterior resection for malignant lesions of the upper part of the rectum and lower part of the sigmoid. Trans Meet Am Surg Assoc Am Surg Assoc1948;66:175–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon C.F. Anterior resection for malignant lesions of the upper part of the rectum and lower part of the sigmoid. Trans Meet Am Surg Assoc Am Surg Assoc1948;66:175–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26. Eichhoff G. Short- and long-term results of hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis performed as a salvage procedure after rectal resection. The Internet Journal of Surgery 2009;18(1).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eichhoff G. Short- and long-term results of hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis performed as a salvage procedure after rectal resection. The Internet Journal of Surgery 2009;18(1).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">27. Engel A.F., Oomen J.L., Eijsbouts Q.A. et al. Nationwide decline in annual numbers of abdomino-perineal resections: effect of a successful national trial? Colorectal Dis 2003 Mar;5(2):180–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engel A.F., Oomen J.L., Eijsbouts Q.A. et al. Nationwide decline in annual numbers of abdomino-perineal resections: effect of a successful national trial? Colorectal Dis 2003 Mar;5(2):180–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">28. Feinberg S.M., Parker F., Cohen Z. The double stapling technique for low anterior resections of rectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:885–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feinberg S.M., Parker F., Cohen Z. The double stapling technique for low anterior resections of rectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29:885–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">29. Goligher J.C. Recent trends in the practice of sphinctersaving excision for rectal cancer. Bradshaw Lecture, 1978. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1979;61:169–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goligher J.C. Recent trends in the practice of sphinctersaving excision for rectal cancer. Bradshaw Lecture, 1978. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1979;61:169–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">30. Griffen F.D., Knight C.D. Low rectal anastomosis with the EEA stapler. Surgical Rounds. 1983, September 18–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffen F.D., Knight C.D. Low rectal anastomosis with the EEA stapler. Surgical Rounds. 1983, September 18–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">31. Gross E., Eigler F.W. Sutureless compression anastomosis of the distal colon and rectum. An expanded report of experiences with a total of 140 patients. Chirurg 1989 Sep;60(9):589–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross E., Eigler F.W. Sutureless compression anastomosis of the distal colon and rectum. An expanded report of experiences with a total of 140 patients. Chirurg 1989 Sep;60(9):589–93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">32. Gross E., Köppen H.O. The AKA-2 sutureless compression anastomosis of the colon and rectum. Zentralb Chir 1993;118:459–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross E., Köppen H.O. The AKA-2 sutureless compression anastomosis of the colon and rectum. Zentralb Chir 1993;118:459–65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">33. Mannaerts G., Rutten H., Martijn H. et al. Abdominosacral resection for primary irresectable and locally recurrent rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:806–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mannaerts G., Rutten H., Martijn H. et al. Abdominosacral resection for primary irresectable and locally recurrent rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:806–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">34. Kanellos I., Vasiliadis K., Angelopoulos S. et al. Anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol 2004;8:s79–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanellos I., Vasiliadis K., Angelopoulos S. et al. Anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol 2004;8:s79–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">35. Knight C.D., Griffеn F.D. An improved technique for low anterior resection using the EEA stapler. Surgery 1980;88:710–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knight C.D., Griffеn F.D. An improved technique for low anterior resection using the EEA stapler. Surgery 1980;88:710–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">36. Kraske P. Zur Extirpation hochsitzender Mastdarmkrebse. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1885;14:464–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kraske P. Zur Extirpation hochsitzender Mastdarmkrebse. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1885;14:464–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">37. de Lacy A.M., Rattner D.W.,Adelsdorfer C. et al. Transanal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) rectal resection: ‘‘down-to-up’’ total mesorectal excision (TME)—short-term in the first 20 cases. Surg Endosc 2013 Mar 22 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Lacy A.M., Rattner D.W.,Adelsdorfer C. et al. Transanal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) rectal resection: ‘‘down-to-up’’ total mesorectal excision (TME)—short-term in the first 20 cases. Surg Endosc 2013 Mar 22 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">38. Laxamana A., Solomon M.J., Cohen Z. et al. Long-term results of anterior resection using the doublestapling technique. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:1246–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laxamana A., Solomon M.J., Cohen Z. et al. Long-term results of anterior resection using the doublestapling technique. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:1246–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">39. Localio S.A. and Barron B. Abdomino-transsacral Resection and Anastomosis for Midrectal Cancer. Ann Surg 1973;178(4):540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Localio S.A. and Barron B. Abdomino-transsacral Resection and Anastomosis for Midrectal Cancer. Ann Surg 1973;178(4):540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">40. Mason A.Y. Surgical access to the rectum – a transphincteric exposure. Proc Soc Med 1970;63(supp):91–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mason A.Y. Surgical access to the rectum – a transphincteric exposure. Proc Soc Med 1970;63(supp):91–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">41. Matos D., Phillips R.K. Initial e xperience with the AKA-2 and AKA-4 device for intestinal compression anastomosis in colorectal surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras 1993;39(1):8–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matos D., Phillips R.K. Initial e xperience with the AKA-2 and AKA-4 device for intestinal compression anastomosis in colorectal surgery. Rev Assoc Med Bras 1993;39(1):8–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">42. Miles W.E. A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma ofthe rectum and of the terminal portion of the pelvic colon. Lancet 1908;2:1812–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miles W.E. A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma ofthe rectum and of the terminal portion of the pelvic colon. Lancet 1908;2:1812–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">43. Moran B.J., Blenkinsop J., Finnis D. Local recurrence after anterior resection for rectal cancer using a double stapling technique. Br J Surg 1992;79:836–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moran B.J., Blenkinsop J., Finnis D. Local recurrence after anterior resection for rectal cancer using a double stapling technique. Br J Surg 1992;79:836–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">44. Moritz E., Achleitner D., Holbling N. et al. Single vs double stapling technique in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:495–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moritz E., Achleitner D., Holbling N. et al. Single vs double stapling technique in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:495–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">45. Nance F.C. New techniques of gastrointestinal anastomoses with the EEA stapler. Ann Surg 1979;189:587–98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nance F.C. New techniques of gastrointestinal anastomoses with the EEA stapler. Ann Surg 1979;189:587–98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">46. Nowacki M.P. Ten years of experience with Parks' coloanal sleeve anastomosis for the treatment of post-irradiation rectovaginal fistula. Eur J Surg Oncol 1991;17:563–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nowacki M.P. Ten years of experience with Parks' coloanal sleeve anastomosis for the treatment of post-irradiation rectovaginal fistula. Eur J Surg Oncol 1991;17:563–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">47. Parks A.G. Transanal technique in low rectal anastomosis. Proc R Soc Med 1972;65:975–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parks A.G. Transanal technique in low rectal anastomosis. Proc R Soc Med 1972;65:975–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">48. Parks A.G., Percy J.P. Resection and sutured coloanal anastomosis for rectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 1982;69:301–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parks A.G., Percy J.P. Resection and sutured coloanal anastomosis for rectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 1982;69:301–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">49. Picciocchi A., D'Ugo D.M., Durastante V., Cardillo G. Double stapling technique for low colorectal anastomosis after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Int Surg 1988;73:19–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Picciocchi A., D'Ugo D.M., Durastante V., Cardillo G. Double stapling technique for low colorectal anastomosis after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Int Surg 1988;73:19–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">50. Ravitch M.M., Lane R., Cornell W.P. et al. Closure of duodenal, gastric and intestinal stumps with wire staples: experimental and clinical studies. Ann Surg 1966;163:573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravitch M.M., Lane R., Cornell W.P. et al. Closure of duodenal, gastric and intestinal stumps with wire staples: experimental and clinical studies. Ann Surg 1966;163:573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">51. Ravitch M.M., Steichen F.M. A stapling instrument for end-to-end inverting anastomoses in the gastrointestinal tract. Ann Surg 1979;189:791–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravitch M.M., Steichen F.M. A stapling instrument for end-to-end inverting anastomoses in the gastrointestinal tract. Ann Surg 1979;189:791–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">52. Redmond H.P., Austin O.M., Clery A.P., Deasy J.M. Safety of doublestapled anastomosis in low anterior resection. Br J Surg 1993;80:924–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Redmond H.P., Austin O.M., Clery A.P., Deasy J.M. Safety of doublestapled anastomosis in low anterior resection. Br J Surg 1993;80:924–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">53. Shrikhande S.V., Saoji R.R., Barreto S.G. et al. Outcomes of resection for rectal cancer in India: the impact of the double stapling technique. World J Surg Oncol 2007 Mar 21;5:35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shrikhande S.V., Saoji R.R., Barreto S.G. et al. Outcomes of resection for rectal cancer in India: the impact of the double stapling technique. World J Surg Oncol 2007 Mar 21;5:35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">54. Stearns M.W. Abdominoperineal resection for cancer of the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 1974;17:612–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stearns M.W. Abdominoperineal resection for cancer of the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 1974;17:612–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">55. Turnbull R.B., Cuthbertson A.M. Abdominorectal pull-through resection for cancer and for Hirschsprung's disease. Delayed posterior colorectal anastomosis.Cleve Clin Q 1961;28:109–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turnbull R.B., Cuthbertson A.M. Abdominorectal pull-through resection for cancer and for Hirschsprung's disease. Delayed posterior colorectal anastomosis.Cleve Clin Q 1961;28:109–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">56. Williams N.S., Murphy J., Knowles C.H. Anterior Perineal PlanE for Ultra-low Anterior Resection of the Rectum (the APPEAR technique): a prospective clinical trial of a new procedure. Ann Surg 2008 May;247(5):750–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams N.S., Murphy J., Knowles C.H. Anterior Perineal PlanE for Ultra-low Anterior Resection of the Rectum (the APPEAR technique): a prospective clinical trial of a new procedure. Ann Surg 2008 May;247(5):750–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">57. Wullstein C., Gross E. Compression anastomosis (AKA-2) in colorectal surgery: results in 442 consecutive patients. Br J Surg 2000;87(8):1071–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wullstein C., Gross E. Compression anastomosis (AKA-2) in colorectal surgery: results in 442 consecutive patients. Br J Surg 2000;87(8):1071–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
