<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">895</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2026-16-2-88-98</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation in colon cancer patients: real-world clinical practice data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимальные сроки начала адъювантной химиотерапии у больных раком ободочной кишки: данные реальной клинической практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-7960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salamakhin</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саламахин</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>salamachin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-7135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>salamachin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9174-8263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Milovanova</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милованова</surname><given-names>А. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>salamachin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>salamachin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Omsk Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">БУЗ Омской области «Клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Omsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-13"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/895">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/895</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To determine the optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) initiation based on real-world clinical practice data and to assess factors influencing timely ACT initiation in patients with colon cancer (CC).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis. Patients with CC who received ACT between 2015 and 2023 were included. Uni- and multivariate analyses of factors affecting ACT initiation timing were performed. The threshold value for ACT initiation timing in relation to overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. The frequency of completing more than 3 months of ACT depending on the surgical approach was also analyzed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> During the study period, 871 patients received ACT. A 6-week period was established as the threshold for CC progression risk. Five-year OS was 66.4 % in the group of patients who started ACT more than 6 weeks after surgery, and 81.5 % in the group who started treatment within 6 weeks of surgery. The differences in OS were significant (hazard ratio (HR) 0.532; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.360–0.787; <italic>p </italic>= 0.002). Significant differences were also found in 5-year RFS (HR 0.637; 95 % CI 0.447–0.908; <italic>p</italic> = 0.013): 61.8 % in the group starting ACT more than 6 weeks after surgery and 72.4 % with earlier initiation. Multivariate analysis showed that only the absence of postoperative complications influenced the likelihood of starting ACT within 6 weeks (HR 0.365; 95 % CI 0.140–0.955; <italic>p</italic> = 0.040).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Optimal ACT initiation timing may be shorter than 8 weeks in real-world clinical practice. Minimally invasive surgery may improve patient adherence to the ACT regimen.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель работы</bold> – определить оптимальный срок начала адъювантной химиотерапии (АХТ) на основании данных реальной клинической практики и оценить факторы, влияющие на своевременное начало АХТ у больных раком ободочной кишки (РОК).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Данная работа представляет собой одноцентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование. Включали больных РОК, получавших АХТ в период с 2015 по 2023 г. Проводили одно- и многофакторный анализ критериев, влияющих на срок начала АХТ. Пороговое значение срока начала АХТ для общей (ОВ) и безрецидивной выживаемости (БРВ) оценивали методом анализа площади под кривой (area under curve, AUC). Также анализировали частоту завершения более 3 мес АХТ в зависимости от хирургического доступа.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В анализируемый период АХТ получал 871 пациент. В качестве порогового значения в отношении риска прогрессирования РОК был установлен срок 6 нед. Пятилетняя ОВ составила 66,4 % в группе пациентов, которые начали АХТ в срок &gt; 6 нед после операции, и 81,5 % в группе пациентов, начавших лечение в срок ≤ 6 нед с момента операции. Различия в ОВ были статистически значимы (отношение рисков (ОР) 0,532; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,360–0,787; <italic>р</italic> = 0,002). Также получены статистически значимые различия в 5-летней БРВ (ОР 0,637; 95 % ДИ 0,447–0,908; <italic>р</italic> = 0,013). Она составила 61,8 % в группе пациентов, которые начали АХТ в срок &gt; 6 нед после операции, и 72,4 % при более раннем начале лечения. По данным многофакторного анализа, на вероятность начала АХТ в срок ≤ 6 нед влияло только отсутствие послеоперационных осложнений (ОР 0,365; 95 % ДИ 0,140–0,955; <italic>р</italic> = 0,040).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Оптимальные сроки начала АХТ могут быть короче 8 нед в условиях реальной клинической практики. Наличие послеоперационных осложнений является наиболее значимым фактором задержки АХТ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colon cancer</kwd><kwd>adjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>time to chemotherapy initiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак ободочной кишки</kwd><kwd>адъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>время до начала химиотерапии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Yang Y., Lu Y., Tan H. et al. The optimal time of starting adjuvant chemotherapy after curative surgery in patients with colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023;23(1):422. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10863-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Choi J.H., Lee J.S., Baek S.K. et al. Association between timing and duration of adjuvant chemotherapy and colorectal cancer survival in Korea, 2011-2014: a nationwide study based on the health insurance review and assessment service database. J Cancer 2022;13(8):2440–6. DOI: 10.7150/jca.71141</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Gantt G.A. Jr, Ashburn J., Kiran R.P. et al. Laparoscopy mitigates adverse oncological effects of delayed adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. Surg Endosc 201529(2):493–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3697-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Гордеев С.С., Федянин М.Ю., Черных М.В. и др. Изменения в клинических рекомендациях по лечению колоректального рака в 2024 году. Хирургия и онкология 2024;14(1):21–31. DOI: 10.17650/2949-5857-2024-14-1-21-31 Gordeev S.S., Fedyanin M.Yu., Chernykh M.V. et al. Surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with recurrent tumors of the pelvic organs. Khirurgiya i onkologiya = Surgery and Oncology 2024;14(1):21–31. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/2949-5857-2024-14-1-21-31</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Федянин М.Ю., Гладков О.А., Гордеев С.С. и др. Рак ободочной кишки, ректосигмоидного соединения и прямой кишки. Злокачественные опухоли 2023;13(3s2-1):425–82. DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2023-13-3s2-1-425-482 Fedyanin M.Yu., Gladkov O.A., Gordeev S.S. et al. Cancer of the colon, rectosigmoid junction, and rectum. Zlokachestvennye opukholi = Malignant Tumors 2023;13(3s2-1):425–82. DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2023-13-3s2-1-425-482</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Gogenur M., Weinberger Rosen A., Iveson T. et al. Time from colorectal cancer surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy: post hoc analysis of the SCOT randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 2024;159(8):865–71. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1555</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Sun Z., Adam M.A., Kim J. et al. Determining the optimal timing for initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection for stage ii and iii colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2016;59(2):87–93. DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000518</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Lacy A.M., García-Valdecasas J.C., Delgado S. et al. Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359(9325):2224–9. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09290-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Nelson H., Sargent D.J., Wieand H.S. et al.; Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group. A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350(20):2050–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa032651</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Veldkamp R., Kuhry E., Hop W.C.J. et al. COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study Group (COLOR): laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2005;6(7): 477–84. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70221-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Guillou P.J., Quirke Ph., Thorpe H. et al. Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365(9472):1718–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66545-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Day A.R., Middleton G., Smith R.V.P. et al. Time to adjuvant chemotherapy following colorectal cancer resection is associated with an improved survival. Colorectal Dis 2014;16(5):368–72. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12570</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Chun K.H., Noe Bae B., An H. et al. Comparison of compliance of adjuvant chemotherapy between laparoscopic and open surgery in patients with colon cancer. Ann Coloproctol 2014;30(6):274. DOI: 10.3393/ac.2014.30.6.274</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Wasmann K.A., El Klaver Ch., Dw van der Bilt J. et al. Laparoscopic surgery facilitates administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced colon cancer: propensity score analyses. Cancer Manag Res 2019;11:7141–57. DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S205906</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Clavien P.A., Barkun J., de Oliveira M.L. et al. The Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg 2009;250(2):187–96. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Park S.Y., Kim S.H., Lee K.H. et al. Early versus conventional adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial. J Clin Oncol 2024;42:3537. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.3537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kim I.Y., Kim B.R., Kim Y.W. Factors affecting use and delay (&gt; /=8 weeks) of adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery and the impact of chemotherapy-use and delay on oncologic outcomes. PLoS One 2015;10(9):e0138720. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138720</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Elkrief A., Redstone G., Petruccelli L. et al. Reasons for delay in timely administration of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer: a multicentre cohort study from the McGill University Department of Oncology. BMJ Open Qual 2021;10(1):e000934. DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000934</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Alnajjar S., Shoucair S., Almanzar A. et al. Predictors of timely initiation and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma. Am Surg 2024;90(11):2724–32. DOI: 10.1177/00031348241248689</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Jung Y.B., Kang J., Park E.J. et al. Time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer: comparison of open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2016;26(10): 799–805. DOI: 10.1089/lap.2016.0293</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
