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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">835</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2025-15-3-54-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of preoperative therapy on surgical shrinkage in rectal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние предоперационной лучевой терапии на эффект хирургической усадки при раке прямой кишки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4143-2615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina Sergeevna Gorbunova</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арина Сергеевна Горбунова</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>Risharchy1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-3903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Аniski</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анискин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-5394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmichev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмичев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-3969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8645-4365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsutsaev</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуцаев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8860-8882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdul</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдул</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9075-7123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Каpkovа</surname><given-names>А. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капкова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/835">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/835</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. The possibility of performing a surgical margin of less than 2 cm without increasing the risk of recurrence is an important problem. Most studies were conducted on a specimen examined after resection and formalin fixation without taking into account tissue contraction – surgical shrinkage. The effect of neoadjuvant treatment combinations on surgical shrinkage is also not determined.<bold>Aim</bold>. To study the effect of shrinkage of the distal margin of resection of the rectum in colorectal cancer after formalin fixation, as well as the effect of preoperative therapy on the shrinkage.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. In total, 183 patients with histologically verified rectal and sigmoid colon cancer (adenocarcinoma G1–3) who underwent surgical treatment were prospectively analyzed. The distance between the lower pole of the tumor and the distal resection margin was measured immediately after excision. Then, this parameter was measured after fixation of the specimen in 10 % formalin solution.<bold>Results</bold>. Median rectal shrinkage after formalin fixation of the specimen was 22.46 % in the surgical treatment group and 19.27 % in the radiation therapy group. In 101 cases, rectal shrinkage was more than 20 %. A statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of surgical shrinkage more than 20 % in the group of patients who did not receive radiotherapy (p = 0.045).No statistically significant relationship was found between surgical shrinkage and gender (p = 0.135), tumor location (p = 0.082), or tumor advancement (p = 0.355). There was also no statistical significance between surgical shrinkage and the type of surgery (p = 0.225).<bold>Conclusion</bold>. Measurement of the distal resection margin under different conditions influences the assessment of oncologic clearance when interpreting pathological findings and determining treatment outcomes. Radiotherapy is associated with higher probability of a lower degree of rectal shrinkage, which may be of significant importance in surgical treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Актуальным вопросом является возможность выполнения хирургического отступа &lt;2 см без повышения риска возникновения рецидива рака прямой кишки. Ранее исследования проводили на препаратах прямой кишки после выполнения резекции и формалиновой фиксации без учета сокращения тканей – хирургической усадки. Влияние различных комбинаций неоадъювантного лечения на хирургическую усадку не известно.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить эффект усадки дистального края резекции прямой кишки при колоректальном раке после фиксации препарата в формалине, а также влияние предоперационной терапии на ее проявление.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В проспективный анализ включены 183 пациента с верифицированной аденокарциномой G1–3, которым было проведено хирургическое лечение. Пациентов разделили на 2 группы в зависимости от проведения предоперационной лучевой терапии. Выполняли измерение расстояния между нижним полюсом опухоли и дистальной границей резекции сразу после отсечения удаляемой кишки. После этого фиксировали препарат в 10 % растворе формалина и повторно измеряли дистальный клиренс.<bold>Результаты</bold>. Медиана хирургической усадки после фиксации препарата в 10 % растворе формалина составила 22,46 % в контрольной группе и 19,27 % в группе лучевой терапии. В 101 случае хирургическая усадка превысила 20 %. Установлено статистически значимое различие в частоте возникновения хирургической усадки более 20 % в группе пациентов, не получавших лучевую терапию (p = 0,045). Не выявлено статистически значимой взаимосвязи между хирургической усадкой и полом (p = 0,135), локализацией опухоли в зависимости от отдела прямой кишки (p = 0,082), распространенностью опухоли (p = 0,355) и объемом выполненной операции (p = 0,225).<bold>Заключение</bold>. Условия измерения дистальной границы резекции влияют на оценку онкологического клиренса при интерпретации результатов патоморфологического заключения и определении результатов лечения. После лучевой терапии величина хирургической усадки часто сокращается, что важно учитывать при проведении хирургического лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>distal resection margin</kwd><kwd>surgical shrinkage</kwd><kwd>formalin fixation</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>дистальный край резекции</kwd><kwd>хирургическая усадка</kwd><kwd>формалиновая фиксация</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lange M.M., Rutten H.J., van de Velde C.J.H. One hundred years of curative surgery for rectal cancer: 1908–2008. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009:35:456–63. 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