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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2026-16-2-67-74</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Systemic drug therapy for metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma: treatment results from real clinical practice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Системная лекарственная терапия диссеминированной лейомиосаркомы тела матки: результаты реальной клинической практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5912-1155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutorov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуторов</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-5748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anokhin</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анохин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7313-4013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомирова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7779-2109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mesropova</surname><given-names>Y. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Месропова</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-0088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarenkova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заренкова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5602-0062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7747-7314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4443-9974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anokhinaleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-30"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/822">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/822</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Currently, adjuvant chemotherapy of choice after surgical treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma is doxorubicin. The same approach is used for the 1<sup>st</sup> line of systemic drug therapy in patients with initially metastatic process, or those who have not previously received adjuvant treatment with anthracyclines. Disseminated forms of metastatic leiomyosarcoma are characterized by unfavorable prognosis, and the options for potentially effective drug treatments are limited.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the efficacy of 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> line chemotherapy regimens for uterine leiomyosarcoma in a population of patients in real clinical practice.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The retrospective analysis included 43 patients with histologically verified uterine leiomyosarcoma. The study included patients with primarily localized forms of the disease, who underwent surgical treatment at the 1<sup>st</sup> stage (with or without adjuvant chemotherapy), and patients with initially metastatic disease. All patients had a history of 1–2 lines of systemic drug therapy due to disease progression.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The analysis included 43 patients who underwent treatment at the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2021 and 2024. The efficacy of the 1<sup>st</sup> line was assessed in 35 (81.4 %) patients: the objective response rate reached 17.6 %, and median progression-free survival from the start of the 1<sup>st</sup> line was 7.4 months. The efficacy of 2<sup>nd</sup> line of therapy was assessed in 18 (41.9 %) patients: the objective response rate was 11.1 %, median progression-free survival from the start of the 1<sup>st</sup> line to progression after the 2<sup>nd</sup> line was 13.2 months, and median progression-free survival from the start of the 2<sup>nd</sup> line to progression after it was 3.3 months.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Analysis of the efficacy of systemic drug therapy for uterine leiomyosarcoma in real clinical practice demonstrates comparable long-term treatment results with data from international literature. Further study of the efficacy of combined adjuvant and 1<sup>st</sup> line therapy regimens seems promising.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> В настоящее время опцией выбора адъювантной химиотерапии после хирургического лечения лейомиосаркомы матки является монотерапия доксорубицином. Такой же подход и к 1-й линии системной лекарственной терапии у пациенток с исходно метастатическим процессом или ранее не получавших адъювантное лечение антрациклинами. Диссеминированные формы лейомиосаркомы матки характеризуются неблагоприятным прогнозом, а выбор потенциально эффективных опций лекарственного лечения ограничен.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка эффективности режимов 1-й и 2-й линий химиотерапии лейомиосаркомы матки в популяции пациенток реальной клинической практики.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективный анализ включили пациенток с гистологически верифицированной лейомиосаркомой тела матки как с первично локализованными формами заболевания, у которых на 1-м этапе было проведено хирургическое лечение (с адъювантной химиотерапией или без нее), так и с исходно метастатическим характером процесса. У всех больных в анамнезе заболевания проведены 1–2 линии системной лекарственной терапии по поводу прогрессирования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В анализ включены 43 пациентки, которые с 2021 по 2024 г. получали лечение на базе Национального медицинского исследовательского центра онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина. Эффективность 1-й линии оценена у 35 (81,4 %) из них, частота объективных ответов достигла 17,6 %, медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования от начала 1-й линии терапии составила 7,4 мес. Эффективность 2-й линии терапии оценена у 18 (41,9 %) пациенток, частота объективных ответов – 11,1 %, медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования от начала 1-й линии до прогрессирования после 2-й – 13,2 мес, медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования от начала 2-й линии до прогрессирования после нее – 3,3 мес.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Анализ эффективности системной лекарственной терапии лейомиосаркомы тела матки в реальной клинической практике демонстрирует сопоставимые с данными зарубежной литературы отдаленные результаты лечения. Представляется перспективным дальнейшее изучение эффективности комбинированных режимов адъювантной терапии и терапии 1-й линии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>leiomyosarcoma</kwd><kwd>gynecological sarcomas</kwd><kwd>sarcoma of the corpus uteri</kwd><kwd>uterine leiomyosarcoma</kwd><kwd>hysterectomy with adnexectomy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лейомиосаркома</kwd><kwd>гинекологическая саркома</kwd><kwd>саркома тела матки</kwd><kwd>лейомиосаркома матки</kwd><kwd>экстирпация матки с придатками</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Yang Q., Madueke-Laveaux O., Cun H. et al. Comprehensive review of uterine leiomyosarcoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Cells 2024;13(13):1106. 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