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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">820</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2026-16-1-32-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of mFOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for treatment of high-grade G3 neuroendocrine tumors and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность химиотерапии по схеме mFOLFIRINOX в терапии распространенных нейроэндокринных опухолей G3 и нейроэндокринных карцином гастроэнтеропанкреатической локализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2365-495X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachmasova</surname><given-names>Abidat K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качмасова</surname><given-names>Абидат Камильпашаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncology Center No. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Онкологический центр № 1</p></bio><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-439X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhulikov</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуликов</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-9970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8479-3800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhieva</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиева</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6878-4312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-3106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleymanova</surname><given-names>Kh. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманова</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.co</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-2069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Delektorskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Делекторская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-6324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-1724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markovich</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркович</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-5173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynova</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-8203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-9533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abikachmasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S. S. Yudin Moscow City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С. С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/820">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/820</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are rare tumors. Despite the differences in genetic characteristics, treatment principles for GEP-NECs are extrapolated from lung NECs. A small retrospective study demonstrated potential effectiveness of the mFOLFIRINOX regimen.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the efficacy of mFOLFIRINOX ± somatostatin analogues in treatment of inoperable or metastatic G3 Ki-67 ≥55 % GEP-NECs and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a prospective cohort.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A prospective single-center phase II trial with the Simon’s two-stage design was conducted. The primary endpoint was disease control (DC) ≥6 months. The statistical hypothesis was that the mFOLFIRINOX regimen would increase the disease control rate from 50 % (historical control) to 70 %. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). In the 1<sup>st</sup> stage, 16 patients were planned for enrollment. If ≥9 patients achieved DC ≥6 months, the cohort would be expanded to 39 patients. Inclusion criteria: patients ≥18 years with histologically confirmed G3 Ki-67 ≥55 % GEP-NEC or NET, ECOG performance status 0–2. Patient enrollment took place between 2019 to February of 2024.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Sixteen patients were included in the study (12 men, 4 women). The most common primary tumor sites were the stomach (8 patients, 50 %) and pancreas (5 patients, 31.3 %). Large-cell NEC was diagnosed in 10 patients (62.5 %), small-cell NEC in 1 patient (6.3 %), and G3 NET in 5 patients (31.3 %). Median Ki-67 index was 70 % (range 40–95 %). Stage IV disease was diagnosed in 15 patients (93.7 %), and 1 patient (6.3 %) had unresectable gastric NEC. The liver was the most frequent site of metastases (<italic>n</italic> = 11, 68.8 %), with isolated liver involvement in 9 patients (56.3 %). ECOG performance status was 0–1 in 15 patients (93.7 %). The majority (<italic>n</italic> = 14, 87.5 %) of patients received mFOLFIRINOX as 1<sup>st</sup> line treatment. Positive expression of somatostatin receptors SSTR2A / 5 was found in 7 patients (43.7 %), who additionally received somatostatin analogues. ORR was 62.5 % (<italic>n</italic> = 10), and stable disease was observed in 37.5 % (<italic>n</italic> = 6) of patients. Disease control ≥6 months was achieved in 93.7 % of patients (<italic>n</italic> = 15). With a median follow-up of 13.2 months, median PFS was 10.8 months (95 % confidence interval 7.57–14.1). One serious adverse event (myocardial infarction) was reported. No grade V toxicity was observed.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> mFOLFIRINOX chemotherapy demonstrated promising results in treatment of G3 Ki-67 ≥55 % GEP NECs and NETs. The primary endpoint was met, and the study is ongoing.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Гастроэнтеропанкреатические (ГЭП) нейроэндокринные карциномы (НЭК) – редкие опухоли. Несмотря на различия в генетических характеристиках, подходы к лечению ГЭП НЭК экстраполированы из терапии НЭК легкого. В небольшой ретроспективной работе продемонстрирована потенциальная эффективность режима mFOLFIRINOX.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить эффективность mFOLFIRINOX ± аналогов соматостатина в лечении неоперабельных или метастатических ГЭП нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО) градации G3 с индексом пролиферации Ki-67 ≥55 % и НЭК в проспективной когорте.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено проспективное одноцентровое исследование II фазы с двухэтапным дизайном Саймона. Первичная конечная точка – контроль заболевания (КЗ) ≥6 мес. Статистическая гипотеза: применение режима mFOLFIRINOX при ГЭП НЭО G3 с Ki-67 ≥55 % и НЭК позволит увеличить частоту КЗ с 50 (исторический контроль) до 70 %. Вторичные точки: выживаемость без прогрессирования, общая выживаемость, частота объективного ответа. На 1-м этапе планировалось включение 16 пациентов. При достижении КЗ ≥6 мес у 9 пациентов и более планировалось расширение выборки до 39 больных. Критерии включения: пациенты ≥18 лет с ГЭП НЭК или НЭО G3 с Ki-67 ≥55 %, статусом ECOG 0–2. Набор проводили с 2019 г. по февраль 2024 г.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В исследование включены 16 пациентов (12 мужчин, 4 женщины). Наиболее частыми локализациями первичной опухоли были желудок (<italic>n</italic> = 8; 50 %) и поджелудочная железа (<italic>n</italic> = 5; 31,3 %). У 10 (62,5 %) пациентов диагностирован крупноклеточный нейроэндокринный рак, у 1 (6,3 %) – мелкоклеточный нейроэндокринный рак, у 5 (31,3 %) – НЭО G3. Медиана индекса пролиферации Ki-67 составила 70 % (диапазон 40–95 %). У 15 (93,7 %) пациентов выявлена IV стадия заболевания, у 1 (6,3 %) – неоперабельная НЭК желудка. Наиболее частая локализация метастазов – печень (<italic>n</italic> = 11; 68,8 %), при этом у 9 (56,3 %) из них наблюдалось изолированное поражение печени. У 15 (93,7 %) пациентов статус ECOG составил 0–1. Большинство пациентов (<italic>n</italic> = 14; 87,5 %) получали mFOLFIRINOX в 1-й линии терапии. У 7 (43,7 %) выявлена положительная экспрессия рецепторов соматостатина SSTR2A / 5, в связи с чем они дополнительно получали аналоги соматостатина. Частота объективного ответа составила 62,5 % (<italic>n</italic> = 10), частота стабилизации – 37,5 % (<italic>n</italic> = 6), КЗ ≥6 мес достигнут у 93,7 % пациентов (<italic>n</italic> = 15). При медиане наблюдения 13,2 мес медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования составила 10,8 мес (95 % доверительный интервал 7,57–14,1). У 1 пациента зарегистрировано серьезное нежелательное явление – инфаркт миокарда. Токсичности V степени не отмечено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Химиотерапия по схеме mFOLFIRINOX продемонстрировала обнадеживающие результаты в лечении ГЭП НЭК и НЭО G3 с индексом Ki-67 ≥55 %. Первичная конечная точка достигнута, исследование продолжается.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroendocrine carcinomas</kwd><kwd>large-cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>small-cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine tumors</kwd><kwd>mFOLFIRINOX</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроэндокринная карцинома</kwd><kwd>крупноклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>мелкоклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринная опухоль G3</kwd><kwd>mFOLFIRINOX</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sorbye H., Welin S., Langer S.W. et al. 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