<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">819</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2026-16-1-99-107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Treatment results in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer complicated by intestinal obstruction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты лечения больных колоректальным раком IV стадии, осложнившимся обтурационной кишечной непроходимостью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-9538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0309-9578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Notov</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нотов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-9873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-7490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semеnov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9431-3478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramishvili</surname><given-names>V. Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамишвили</surname><given-names>В. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5804-1246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismailova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исмаилова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-6459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>scroll556@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А. С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN Universtiy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/819">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/819</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Acute large bowel obstruction is one of the most common complications requiring emergency or immediate surgical intervention. This condition is diagnosed in 10–26 % of patients with nonresectable metastases of colorectal cancer. Resection of the primary lesion is an extensive intervention which is often associated with the risk of delaying systemic therapy. Therefore, less invasive surgical strategies – formation of a defunctioning stoma or placement of a self-expandable metallic stent – have come to the forefront.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To compare early and long-term clinical outcomes of using self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) and defunctioning stoma formation in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer complicated by intestinal obstruction.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The retrospective cohort study included 82 patients with a diagnosis of stage IV colorectal cancer and clinically confirmed intestinal obstruction caused by progression of the main disease. The patients were divided into 2 groups: in the 1<sup>st</sup> group, SEMS were placed (SEMS group, <italic>n</italic> = 18); in the 2<sup>nd</sup> group, stoma was formed (stoma group, <italic>n</italic> = 64). Clinical success (elimination of obstruction symptoms during the 1<sup>st</sup> day after the surgery), rates of early (under 30 days) and late (after 30 days) postoperative complications, necessity of repeat interventions, and overall survival were assessed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Clinical success was achieved in 17 (94 %) patients in the SEMS group and 64 (100 %) patients in the stoma group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.221). The rate of early postoperative complications was 3 (16.7 %) cases in the SEMS group and 9 (14.1 %) cases in the stoma group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.720). The groups did not significantly differ in the rates of late complications (4 (22.2 %) cases in patients after stenting <italic>versus</italic> 5 (7.8 %) in patients with stoma (<italic>p</italic> = 0.101)). The frequency of repeat interventions did not differ between the groups and was 2 (11.1 %) cases in the SEMS group and 6 (9.4 %) in the stoma group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.810). Analysis of overall survival (OS) included 82 patients, 18 in the SEMS group and 64 in the stoma group. At the end of follow-up period, deaths were reported for 17 (94.4 %) and 52 (81.3 %) patients, respectively; 1 (5.6 %) and 12 (18.7 %) observations, respectively, were censored. Median follow-up was 38.2 months therefore OS was calculated at the maximal horizon of 36 months as to not exceed the median follow-up. At month 36, OS was 7.3 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.5–27.8) in the SEMS group and 16.7 % (95 % CI 7.9–28.3) in the stoma group; differences between the OS curves were not statistically significant (<italic>log-rank</italic> test; <italic>p</italic> = 0.069) with a trend towards less favorable OS in the SEMS group. Median OS was 7.4 months in the SEMS group and 18.0 months in the stoma group. Cox’s model showed a marked dynamic toward higher risk of death in the SEMS group compared to the stoma group (hazard ratio 1.71; 95 % CI 0.95–3.07).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Placement of SEMS and defunctioning stoma formation in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer complicated by large bowel obstruction were characterized by similar clinical efficacy and early safety with faster functional recovery and earlier start of systemic therapy in the SEMS group. In the long term at 36-month horizon, a trend toward less favorable OS in the SEMS group without statistically significant differences between the curves and increased relative risk of death in this group were observed. Considering limitations of the study (retrospective design, single center, small number of patients in the SEMS group), the results should be considered hypothesis-forming and requiring further prospective studies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Острая обтурационная толстокишечная непроходимость – одно из наиболее частых осложнений, требующее экстренного или неотложного хирургического вмешательства. Данное состояние диагностируется у 10–26 % пациентов с нерезектабельными метастазами колоректального рака. Удаление первичной опухоли в этой ситуации представляет собой обширное вмешательство, которое часто сопряжено с риском отсрочки начала системной терапии, поэтому на первый план выходят менее инвазивные хирургические стратегии – формирование разгрузочной стомы или установка саморасширяющегося металлического стента (self-expanding metallic stent, SEMS).</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – сравнить ранние и отдаленные клинические исходы применения SEMS и формирования разгрузочной стомы у пациентов с колоректальным раком IV стадии, осложненным обтурационной формой кишечной непроходимости.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное когортное исследование включены 82 пациента с установленным диагнозом колоректального рака IV стадии и клинически подтвержденной кишечной непроходимостью, обусловленной прогрессированием основного заболевания. Пациентов разделили на 2 группы, в 1-й устанавливали SEMS (группа SEMS, <italic>n</italic> = 18), во 2-й формировали стому (группа стомы, <italic>n</italic> = 64). Оценке подлежали показатели клинического успеха (устранение симптомов непроходимости в течение 1-х суток после вмешательства), частоты ранних (≤30 сут) и поздних (&gt;30 сут) послеоперационных осложнений, необходимости в повторных вмешательствах, а также общая выживаемость (ОВ).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Клинический успех достигнут у 17 (94 %) пациентов в группе SEMS и у 64 (100 %) – в группе стомы (<italic>p</italic> = 0,221). Частота ранних послеоперационных осложнений составила 3 (16,7 %) и 9 (14,1 %) случаев соответственно (<italic>p</italic> = 0,720). Группы достоверно не различались по частоте поздних осложнений (4 (22,2 %) случая у перенесших стентирование против 5 (7,8 %) у больных со стомой (<italic>p</italic> = 0,101)). Частота повторных вмешательств статистически значимо не различалась: 2 (11,1 %) случая в группе SEMS и 6 (9,4 %) – в группе стомы (<italic>p</italic> = 0,810). В анализ ОВ включены все пациенты из обеих групп. На момент окончания наблюдения зарегистрированы летальные исходы: 17 (94,4 %) и 52 (81,3 %) случая соответственно, цензурированные наблюдения – 1 (5,6 %) и 12 (18,7 %) соответственно. Медиана наблюдения составила 38,2 мес, поэтому ОВ определяли на максимальном горизонте 36 мес, не превышающем медиану наблюдения. На 36-м месяце ОВ достигла 7,3 % (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,5–27,8) в группе SEMS и 16,7 % (95 % ДИ 7,9–28,3) в группе стомы, различия между значениями ОВ не достигли статистической значимости (<italic>log-rank</italic>-тест; <italic>p</italic> = 0,069) при тенденции к менее благоприятной ОВ в группе SEMS. Медиана ОВ равнялась 7,4 мес в группе SEMS и 18,0 мес в группе стомы. В модели Кокса отмечена выраженная динамика к более высокому риску смерти в группе SEMS по сравнению с группой стомы (отношение рисков 1,71; 95 % ДИ 0,95–3,07).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Установка SEMS и формирование разгрузочной стомы у пациентов с колоректальным раком IV стадии, осложненным обтурационной толстокишечной непроходимостью, характеризовались сопоставимой клинической эффективностью и ранней безопасностью при более быстром функциональном восстановлении и раннем начале системной терапии в группе SEMS. В отдаленной перспективе на горизонте 36 мес отмечалась тенденция к менее благоприятной ОВ в группе SEMS при отсутствии статистически значимых различий между значениями и повышении относительного риска смерти в данной группе. С учетом ограничений исследования (ретроспективный дизайн, одноцентровый характер, небольшое число пациентов в группе SEMS) полученные результаты следует рассматривать как гипотезоформирующие, требующие подтверждения в дальнейших проспективных исследованиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>intestinal obstruction</kwd><kwd>stent</kwd><kwd>stoma</kwd><kwd>SEMS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>кишечная непроходимость</kwd><kwd>стент</kwd><kwd>стома</kwd><kwd>SEMS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L. et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–49. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Costi R., Leonardi F., Zanoni D. et al. Palliative care and end-stage colorectal cancer management: the surgeon meets the oncologist. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(24):7602–21. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7602</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Modlin J., Walker H.S. Palliative resections in cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1949;2:767–76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Stearns M.W., Binkley G.E. Palliative surgery for cancer of the rectum and colon. Cancer 1954;7:1016–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Joffe J., Gordon P.H. Palliative resection for colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1981;24(5):355–60. DOI: 10.1007/BF02603417</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Petrelli N., Herrera L., Rustum Y. et al. A prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil versus 5-fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin versus 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate in previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1987;5:1559–65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Saltz L.B., Douillard J.Y., Pirotta N. et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer: a new survival standard. Oncologist 2001;6:81–91. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.6-1-81</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>De Gramont A., Figer A., Seymour M. et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2938–47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Golan T., Urban D., Berger R., Lawrence Y.R. Changing prognosis of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: differential improvement by age and tumor location. Cancer 2013;119:3084–91. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28181</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Van Cutsem E., Köhne C.H., Hitre E. et al. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1408–17. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Heinemann V., Fischer von Weikersthal L., Decker T. et al. Randomized comparison of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: German AIO study KRK-0306 (FIRE-3). J Clin Oncol 2013;31(suppl):Abstract LBA3506.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao X.D., Cai B.B., Cao R.S., Shi R.H. Palliative treatment for incurable malignant colorectal obstructions: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(33):5565–74. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i33.5565</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Morris E.J., Taylor E.F., Thomas J.D. et al. Thirty-day postoperative mortality after colorectal cancer surgery in England. Gut 2011;60(6):806–13. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.232181</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bakker I.S., Snijders H.S., Grossmann I. et al. High mortality rates after nonelective colon cancer resection: results of a national audit. Colorect Dis 2016;18(6):612–21. DOI: 10.1111/codi.13262</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Manceau G., Mege D., Bridoux V. et al; French Surgical Association Working Group. Emergency surgery for obstructive colon cancer in elderly patients: results of a multicentric cohort of the French National Surgical Association. Dis Colon Rectum 2019;62(8):941–51. DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001421</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Jain S.R., Yaow C.Y.L., Ng C.H. et al. Comparison of colonic stents, stomas and resection for obstructive left colon cancer: a meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol 2020;24(11):1121–36. DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02296-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Malakorn S., Stein S.L., Lee J.H. et al. Urgent management of obstructing colorectal cancer: divert, stent, or resect? J Gastrointest Surg 2019;23(2):425–32. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3990-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Liu S.K., Church J.M., Lavery I.C., Fazio V.W. Operation in patients with incurable colon cancer – is it worthwhile? Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40(1):11–4. DOI: 10.1007/BF02054607</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Van Hooft J.E., Veld J.V., Arnold D. et al. Self-expandable metal stents for obstructing colonic and extracolonic cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2020. Endoscopy 2020;52:389–407. DOI: 10.1055/a-1141-9273</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Takahashi H., Okabayashi K., Tsuruta M. et al. Self-expanding metallic stents versus surgical intervention as palliative therapy for obstructive colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Surg 2015;39(8):2037–44. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3068-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Fernández-Esparrach G., Bordas J.M., Giráldez M.D. et al. Severe complications limit long-term clinical success of self-expanding metal stents in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105(5):1087–93. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Van den Berg M.W., Ledeboer M., Dijkgraaf M.G. et al. Long-term results of palliative stent placement for acute malignant colonic obstruction. Surg Endosc 2015;29:1580–5. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3849-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ahn H.J., Kim S.W., Lee S.W. et al. Long-term outcomes of palliation for unresectable colorectal cancer obstruction in patients with good performance status: endoscopic stent versus surgery. Surg Endosc 2016;30:4765–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4711-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Lee H.J., Hong S.P., Cheon J.H. et al. Long-term outcome of palliative therapy for malignant colorectal obstruction in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancers: endoscopic stenting versus surgery. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;73:535–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.10.041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Tomiki Y., Watanabe T., Ishibiki Y. et al. Comparison of stent placement and colostomy as palliative treatment for inoperable malignant colorectal obstruction. Surg Endosc 2004;18:1572–7. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-9154-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Ribeiro I.B., Bernardo W.M., Martins B.D.C. et al. Colonic stent versus emergency surgery as treatment of malignant colonic obstruction in the palliative setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2018;6:E558–67. DOI: 10.1055/a-0591-2883</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Ma B., Ren T., Cai C. et al. Palliative procedures for advanced obstructive colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2024;39(1):148. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-024-04724-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Van Hooft J.E., Fockens P., Marinelli A.W. et al. Early closure of a multicenter randomized clinical trial of endoscopic stenting versus surgery for stage IV left-sided colorectal cancer. Endoscopy 2008;40:184–91. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995534</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
