<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">808</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2025-15-2-52-61</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of the immediate results of surgical treatment in patients with early (BCLC A) and intermediate (BCLC B) stage hepatocellular carcinoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ непосредственных результатов хирургического лечения у больных с ранней (BCLC А) и промежуточной (BCLC B) стадией гепатоцеллюлярного рака</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-8357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakibov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакибов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Bairamali Izzatovich Sakibov,</bold></p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Байрамали Иззатович Сакибов,</bold></p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>bairamali_10@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-3378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podluzhnyi</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подлужный</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-1346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patyutko</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патютко</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3565-4058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egenov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егенов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-585X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudashkin</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудашкин</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24;</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/808">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/808</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. The intermediate stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, stage B, BCLC B) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relevant for study in terms of existing problems associated with the treatment of patients with this type of pathology. The BCLC B subgroup comprises approximately 30 % of patients at the time of diagnosis of HCC. However, liver resection may be a more effective treatment option in a selected group of patients with intermediate stage disease that is not included in current BCLC guidelines.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. Aim of the study is a comparative assessment of the frequency of postoperative complications and mortality in surgical treatment of patients with HCC BCLC A and BCLC B, analysis of risk factors for the development of severe postoperative complications.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The retrospective analysis included patients who underwent surgery for BCLC A and BCLC B stages of HCC at the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2000 to 2022. The main clinical and laboratory data, intraoperative parameters, severity of postoperative complications according to Clavien– Dindo that arose within 30 days after surgery, postoperative mortality, and factors influencing the risk of developing severe postoperative complications were analyzed.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. The BCLC A group included 120 patients, the BCLC B group included 110 patients. Six (5.5 %) patients in the BCLC B group had Сhild – Pugh В cirrhosis, and none in BCLC A group. Model for end-stage liver disease index 10–19 was more often observed in the BCLC B group than in BCLC A group (20 (18.2 %) vs 8 (6.7 %), р = 0.009), more patients had bilobar involvement (38 (34.5 %) vs 11 (9.2 %), р &lt; 0.0001). There were no other significant differences between groups. The median duration of surgery was 160 (60–360) min and 200 (70–360) min in BCLC A and BCLC B groups (p = 0.001), the median blood loss was 700 (10–8000) ml and 1000 (5–7500) ml (p = 0.152), postoperative mortality was 3 (2.5 %) and 3 (2.7 %), respectively (p &gt; 0.99). There were also no statistically significant differences in the total number of early postoperative complications: 46 (38.3 %) in the BCLC B group and 22 (29.1 %) in the BCLC A group, p = 0.164. When conducting a multivariate analysis, only the presence of portal hypertension (hazard ratio 10.596, 95 % confidence interval 3.351–33.500, p &lt; 0.0001) was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications, while when performing sparing liver resection, a decrease was noted (hazard ratio 0.157, 95 % confidence interval 0.040–0.617, p = 0.008).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. During the comparative group analysis, the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality did not differ statistically significantly, which may indicate the safety of surgical treatment in the BCLC B group of patients and indicate the possibility of liver resection in the selected group of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Промежуточная стадия по Барселонской классификации (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, стадия B, BCLC B) гепатоцеллюлярного рака (ГЦР) является актуальной для изучения с точки зрения существующих проблем, связанных с лечением больных с данным видом патологии. К подгруппе BCLC B относится приблизительно 30 % пациентов на момент постановки диагноза ГЦР. При этом резекция печени может быть более эффективным вариантом лечения, не предусмотренным в текущих рекомендациях BCLC, у отобранной группы пациентов при промежуточной стадии.</p><p><bold>Цель настоящего исследования</bold> – сравнительная оценка частоты послеоперационных осложнений и летальности при хирургическом лечении больных ГЦР BCLC А и B, анализ факторов риска развития тяжелых послеоперационных осложнений.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В ретроспективный анализ включены пациенты, которым выполнялось хирургическое вмешательство по поводу ГЦР стадий BCLC А и BCLC B в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина в период с 2000 по 2022 г. Проанализированы основные клинические и лабораторные данные, интраоперационные параметры, степень тяжести послеоперационных осложнений по Clavien–Dindo, возникших в течение 30 дней после операции, послеоперационная летальность, факторы, влияющие на риск развития тяжелых послеоперационных осложнений.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Группу BCLC A составили 120 пациентов, BCLC B – 110 пациентов. У 6 (5,5 %) пациентов в группе BCLC B был цирроз стадии B по классификации Сhild–Pugh, чего не отмечалось в группе BCLC A. Уровень индекса терминальной стадии заболевания печени 10–19 баллов достоверно чаще определялся в группе BCLC B, чем в группе BCLC A (у 20 (18,2 %) против 8 (6,7 %) пациентов, р = 0,009), также чаще отмечалось билобарное поражение печени (соответственно у 38 (34,5 %) против 11 (9,2 %) пациентов, р &lt;0,0001). По остальным параметрам достоверных различий между группами не выявлено. Медиана продолжительности операций составила 160 (60–360) мин и 200 (70–360) мин в группах BCLC A и BCLC В (p = 0,001) соответственно. Медиана кровопотери 700 (10–8000) мл и 1000 (5–7500) мл (p = 0,152), послеоперационная летальность 3 (2,5 %) и 3 (2,7 %) соответственно (р &gt;&lt; 0,0001). По остальным параметрам достоверных различий между группами не выявлено. Медиана продолжительности операций составила 160 (60–360) мин и 200 (70–360) мин в группах BCLC A и BCLC В (p = 0,001) соответственно. Медиана кровопотери 700 (10–8000) мл и 1000 (5–7500) мл (p = 0,152), послеоперационная летальность 3 (2,5 %) и 3 (2,7 %) соответственно (р &gt; 0,99). Также не было статистически значимых различий по общему количеству ранних послеоперационных осложнений: 46 (38,3 %) в группе BCLC B и 22 (29,1 %) в группе BCLC A, р = 0,164. При проведении многофакторного анализа выявлено, что только наличие портальной гипертензии (отношение рисков 10,596, 95 % доверительный интервал 3,351–33,500, р &lt; 0,0001) ассоциировано с повышенным риском послеоперационных осложнений, а при выполнении экономной резекции печени отмечается его снижение (отношение рисков 0,157, 95 % доверительный интервал 0,040–0,617, р = 0,008).</p><p><bold>Выводы</bold>. В ходе проведения сравнительного группового анализа частота послеоперационных осложнений и летальность статистически значимо не различались, что может свидетельствовать о безопасности хирургического лечения в группе больных BCLC B и указывать на возможность резекции печени в отобранной группе пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatocellular cancer</kwd><kwd>BCLC</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>liver resection</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярный рак</kwd><kwd>BCLC</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>резекция печени</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Reig M., Forner A., Rimola J. et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 update. J Hepatol 2022;76(3):681–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lopez-Lopez V., Kalt F., Zhong J.H. et al. The role of resection in hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC stage B: A multi-institutional patient-level meta-analysis and systematic review. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024;409(1):277. DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03466-x. Erratum in: Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024;409(1):324. DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03518-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Dindo D., The Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications. In: Treatment of postoperative complications after digestive surgery. Springer, 2014. Pp.13–17. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4354-3_3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Rahbari N.N., Garden O.J., Padbury R. et al. Posthepatectomy liver failure: a definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Surgery 2011;149(5):713–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.10.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Mehrabi A., Abbasi Dezfouli S., Schlösser F. et al. Validation of the ISGLS classification of bile leakage after pancreatic surgery: A rare but severe complication. Eur J Surg Oncol 2022;48(12):2440–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Rahbari N.N., Garden O.J., Padbury R. et al. Post-hepatectomy haemorrhage: a definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). HPB (Oxford) 2011;13(8):528– 35. DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00319.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Emenena I., Emenena B., Kweki A.G. et al. Model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score: a tool for prognosis and prediction of mortality in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39267. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39267</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Johnson P.J., Berhane S., Kagebayashi C. et al. Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidencebased approach-the ALBI grade. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(6):550–8. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.9151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Wai C.T., Greenson J.K., Fontana R.J. et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003;38(2):518–26. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Mazzaferro V., Llovet J.M., Miceli R. et al. Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: a retrospective, exploratory analysis. Lancet Oncol 2009;10(1):35–43. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70284-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Sarin S.K., Kumar A. Gastric varices: profile, classification, and management. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84(10):1244–9. PMID: 2679046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Di Sandro S., Centonze L., Pinotti E. et al. Surgical and oncological outcomes of hepatic resection for BCLC-B hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter analysis among 474 consecutive cases. Updates Surg 2019;71:285–93. DOI: 10.1007/s13304-019-00649-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Jianyong L., Lunan Y., Wentao W. et al. Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma: transarterial chemoembolization or hepatic resection? Medicine (Baltimore) 2014;93(26):e180. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000180</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Sadamori H., Matsuda H., Shinoura S. et al. Intractable bile leakage after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in 359 recent cases. Dig Surg 2012;29(2):149–56. DOI: 10.1159/000337313</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Shehta A., Farouk A., Said R. et al. Bile leakage after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: does it impact the shortand long-term outcomes? J Gastrointest Surg 2022;26(10):2070–81. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05433-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Torzilli G., Donadon M., Marconi M. et al. Hepatectomy for stage B and stage C hepatocellular carcinoma in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification: results of a prospective analysis. Arch Surg 2008;143(11):1082–90. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.143.11.1082</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Brozzetti S., D’Alterio C., Bini S. et al. Surgical resection is superior to TACE in the treatment of HCC in a well selected cohort of BCLC-B elderly patients – a retrospective observational study. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14(18):4422. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184422</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Truant S., Bouras A.F., Hebbar M. et al. Laparoscopic resection vs. open liver resection for peripheral hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: a case-matched study. Surg Endosc 2011;25(11):3668–77. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1775-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Kim H.H., Park E.K., Seoung J.S. et al. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: case-matched analysis of laparoscopic versus open resection. J Korean Surg Soc 2011;80(6):412–9. DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2011.80.6.412</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Yang J., Choi W.M., Lee D. et al. Outcomes of liver resection and transarterial chemoembolization in patients with multinodular BCLC-A hepatocellular carcinoma. J Liver Cancer 2024;24(2):178–91. DOI: 10.17998/jlc.2024.03.25</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Santambrogio R., Kluger M.D., Costa M. et al. Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child–Pugh’s A cirrhosis: is clinical evidence of portal hypertension a contraindication? HPB (Oxford) 2013;15(1):78–84. DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00594.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Azoulay D., Ramos E., Casellas-Robert M. et al. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. JHEP Rep 2021;3(1):100190. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100190</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Cortese S., Tellado J.M. Impact and outcomes of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. Cir Cir 2022;90(5):579–87. DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.22000041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>He W., Zeng Q., Zheng Y. et al. The role of clinically significant portal hypertension in hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a propensity score matching analysis. BMC Cancer 2015;15:263. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1280-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Choi S.B., Kim H.J., Song T.J. et al. Influence of clinically significant portal hypertension on surgical outcomes and survival following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2014;21(9):639–47. DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.124</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Torzilli G., Belghiti J., Kokudo N. et al. A snapshot of the effective indications and results of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in tertiary referral centers: is it adherent to the EASL/AASLD recommendations?: an observational study of the HCC East-West study group. Ann Surg 2013;257(5):929–37. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828329b8</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
