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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">759</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2024-14-4-86-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic significance of soluble forms of the PD-1 receptor and its ligand PD-L1 in gastric cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическая значимость растворимых форм рецептора PD-1 и его лиганда PD-L1 при раке желудка</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-2687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чанг</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Victor L. Chang </bold></p><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Виктор Луисович Чанг </bold></p><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><email>ken_baxter@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-9924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-1866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-9152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozhin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогожин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-801X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershtein</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герштейн</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-30"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-30"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/759">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/759</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Despite advances in the diagnosis and drug therapy of some cancers over the past decade, solid tumors, particularly gastric cancer, still have a poor prognosis and remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the development of methods for timely diagnosis, identification of new targets for therapy and biochemical prognosis factors is an urgent problem in clinical oncology. In recent years, the focus of clinical attention has been on immune checkpoint receptors and ligands that can identify patients for immunotherapy. The clinical and prognostic significance of the levels of soluble forms of the programmed cell death receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in the blood of patients with gastric cancer is currently not fully determined.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> Comparative study of the levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the blood plasma of healthy donors and patients with gastric cancer, taking into account the prevalence of the tumor process and the prognosis of overall survival.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 100 patients with stomach cancer aged from 25 to 81 years (57 men, 43 women), who underwent examination and treatment at the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology. The concentration of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 was determined in blood plasma obtained according to standard methods before the start of specific treatment, using reagent kits for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay “Human PD-L1 Platinum ELISA” and “Human PD-1 ELISA kit” (Affimetrix, eBioscience, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The content of markers was expressed in picograms (pg) per 1 ml of blood plasma. To compare indicators and analyze their relationships, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used. Overall survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. For all statistical tests, p values &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The analysis did not reveal a connection at a threshold level of sPD-1 of 8.0 pg / ml in the blood plasma of patients with gastric cancer with overall survival rates (<italic>p</italic> = 0.59). However, an additional analysis conducted in a group of patients with gastric cancer with stages I–II demonstrated that a marker level ≥8.0 pg / ml is a favorable prognostic factor (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0039), while in advanced stages III–IV the disease it has no prognostic significance. There was no significant correlation between sPD-L1 concentrations in the blood plasma of patients with gastric cancer and overall survival rates (<italic>p</italic> = 0.35), however, the best long-term results were found at a threshold level of marker concentrations in blood plasma &lt;35 pg / ml.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> An sPD-1 level ≥8.0 pg / ml can serve as a favorable prognostic factor in stages I–II of gastric cancer, while in advanced stages III–IV of the disease it has no prognostic significance. The prognostic role of sPD-L1 in patients with gastric cancer has not been identified. The study needs to be continued in combination with additional predictive biomarkers for gastric cancer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Несмотря на успехи в диагностике и лекарственной терапии некоторых видов рака, достигнутые в последнее десятилетие, солидные опухоли, в частности рак желудка (РЖ), по‑прежнему имеют неблагоприятный прогноз и остаются одной из основных причин смерти во всем мире. Поэтому разработка методов своевременной диагностики, выявление новых мишеней терапии и биохимических факторов прогноза являются актуальной проблемой клинической онкологии. В последние годы пристальное внимание клиницистов связано с рецепторами и лигандами контрольных точек иммунитета, которые позволяют выделить пациентов для проведения иммунотерапии. Клиническая и прогностическая значимость уровней растворимых форм рецептора программируемой гибели клетки PD-1 и его лиганда PD-L1 в крови больных РЖ в настоящее время до конца не определена.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение прогностической значимости sPD-1 и sPD-L1 в плазме крови больных РЖ.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование включены данные 100 больных РЖ в возрасте от 25 лет до 81 года (57 мужчин, 43 женщины) в различных стадиях, проходивших обследование и лечение в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина. Концентрацию sPD-L1 и sPD-1 определяли в плазме крови, полученной по стандартной методике до начала специфического лечения, с помощью наборов реактивов для иммуноферментного анализа “Human PD-L1 Platinum ELISA” и “Human PD-1 ELISA kit” (Affimetrix, eBioscience, США) в соответствии с инструкциями производителя. Содержание маркеров выражали в пикограммах (пг) на 1 мл плазмы крови. Для сравнения показателей и анализа их взаимосвязей использовали непараметрический критерий Манна–Уитни. Анализ общей выживаемости проводили по методу Каплана–Майера. Для всех статистических тестов значения р &lt;0,05 считали статистически значимыми.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Проведенный анализ не выявил связи при пороговом уровне sPD-1 8,0 пг / мл в плазме крови больных РЖ с показателями общей выживаемости (<italic>р</italic> = 0,59). Однако дополнительный анализ, проведенный в группе больных РЖ с I–II стадиями, продемонстрировал, что уровень маркера ≥8,0 пг / мл является благоприятным прогностическим фактором (<italic>р</italic> = 0,0039), в то время как при распространенных III–IV стадиях заболевания он не имеет прогностической значимости. Не выявили достоверной связи концентраций sPD-L1 в плазме крови больных РЖ с показателями общей выживаемости (<italic>р</italic> = 0,35), однако наилучшие отдаленные результаты обнаружены при пороговом уровне концентрации маркера в плазме крови &lt;35 пг / мл.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Уровень sPD-1 ≥8,0 пг / мл может служить благоприятным прогностическим фактором при I–II стадиях РЖ, в то время как при распространенных III–IV стадиях заболевания он не имеет прогностической значимости. Прогностическая роль sPD-L1 у больных РЖ не выявлена. Исследование необходимо продолжить в сочетании с дополнительными предиктивными биомаркерами РЖ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stomach cancer</kwd><kwd>sPD-1</kwd><kwd>sPD-L1</kwd><kwd>blood plasma</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>sPD-1</kwd><kwd>sPD-L1</kwd><kwd>плазма крови</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–49. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaridze D.G., Kaprin A.D., Stilidi I.S. Dynamics of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms in Russia. Voprosy onkologii = Oncology Issues 2018;64(5):578–90. 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