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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">712</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2949-5857-2024-14-2-54-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnosis of opportunistic infections in non-small cell lung cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностика оппортунистических инфекций при немелкоклеточном раке легкого</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-2676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aginova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>v.aginova@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryevskaya</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьевская</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-9011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karazhas</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каражас</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pul’nova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пульнова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-5307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybalkina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбалкина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nelubina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нелюбина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-3536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багирова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-6457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkes</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкес</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-4964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bosh’yan</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бошьян</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-0435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornienko</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корниенко</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-4294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Breder</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бредер</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-502X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laktionov</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лактионов</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-08"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-08"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/712">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/712</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To investigate the species composition and frequency of opportunistic pathogens in cancer patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemotherapeutic treatment at the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N. N. Blokhin of the Russian Ministry of Health.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. A prospective open single-center study included a cohort of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC receiving drug antitumor therapy, aged 18 years and older. The study was observational in nature. The endpoint of this phase of the study was to determine the relative number of NSCLC patients with chronic infection (pneumocystis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and their combinations).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Antibodies to herpes viruses and/or pneumocystis were detected in patients (n = 18) diagnosed with NSCLC in 100 % of cases. Antibody titers corresponding to active infection were more characteristic for EBV and CMV, with CMV infection markers more often registered in titers corresponding to the acute stage of the disease, and EBV – in the reactivation stage without obvious clinical manifestations. In most cases, mixed infection with different pathogens was determined: combination of HSV-1 + EBV + CMV was found in 55.5 % (n = 10) of NSCLC patients; HSV-1 + EBV + CMV + HHV-6 – in 33.3 % (n = 6) of cases, HSV-1 + HSV-2 + EBV + CMV – in 5.5 % (n = 1), HSV-1 + HSV-2 + EBV + CMV + HHV-6 also in 5.5 % (n = 1) of patients. During bronchoalveolar lavage examination, pneumocystis were detected in 3 (42.8 %) out of 7 examined patients.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Based on the results of studies of a relatively small cohort of patients in the absence of clinical symptoms of infection in NSCLC patients, a high percentage of IgM and IgG antibodies, which are markers of opportunistic infections and their combinations, were detected. Pneumocystis was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage in 42.8 % of cases. It is necessary to evaluate the results obtained in a larger number of patients to determine approaches to the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить видовой состав и частоту встречаемости возбудителей оппортунистических инфекций у онкологических больных с диагнозом «немелкоклеточный рак легкого» (НМРЛ), получающих химиотерапевтическое лечение в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В проспективное открытое одноцентровое исследование включена когорта пациентов с местно-распространенным или метастатическим НМРЛ, получающих лекарственную противоопухолевую терапию, в возрасте 18 лет и старше. Исследование носило наблюдательный характер. Конечная точка данного этапа исследования – определение относительного числа больных НМРЛ, имеющих хроническую инфекцию (пневмоцисты, вирус простого герпеса (ВПГ) 1, ВПГ-2, цитомегаловирус (ЦМВ), вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ), вирус герпеса человека 6-го типа (ВГЧ-6) и их сочетания).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Антитела к герпетическим вирусам и/или пневмоцистам были выявлены у больных (n = 18) с диагнозом НМРЛ в 100 % случаев. Титры антител, соответствующие активной инфекции, были более характерны для ВЭБ и ЦМВ, при этом маркеры ЦМВ-инфекции чаще регистрировали в титрах, соответствующих острой стадии заболевания, а ВЭБ – в стадии реактивации без явных клинических проявлений. В большинстве случаев определено смешанное инфицирование различными возбудителями: сочетание ВПГ-1 + ВЭБ + ЦМВ обнаружено у 55,5 % (n = 10) больных; ВПГ-1 + ВЭБ + ЦМВ + ВГЧ-6 – в 33,3 % (n = 6) случаев; ВПГ-1 + ВПГ-2 + ВЭБ + ЦМВ – в 5,5 % (n = 1); ВПГ-1 + ВПГ-2 + ВЭБ + ЦМВ + ВГЧ-6 – также у 5,5 % (n = 1) пациентов. При исследовании бронхоальвеолярного лаважа у 3 (42,8 %) из 7 обследованных пациентов были выявлены пневмоцисты.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. По результатам исследований сравнительно небольшой когорты пациентов при отсутствии клинических симптомов инфекции у больных НМРЛ выявлен высокий процент обнаружения антител IgG и IgM, являющихся маркерами оппортунистических инфекций и их сочетаний. Из бронхоальвеолярного лаважа в 42,8 % случаев выделены пневмоцисты. Необходима оценка полученных результатов у большего числа пациентов для определения подходов к профилактике и лечению оппортунистических инфекций. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer patients</kwd><kwd>non-small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>opportunistic infections</kwd><kwd>herpetic viral infections</kwd><kwd>pneumocystis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкологические больные</kwd><kwd>немелкоклеточный рак легкого</kwd><kwd>оппортунистические инфекции</kwd><kwd>герпетические вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>пневмоцисты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Budisan L., Zanoaga O., Braicu C. et al. Links between infections, lung cancer, and the immune system. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(17):9394. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179394</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Akinosoglou K.S., Karkoulias K., Marangos M. 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