<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">605</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2686-9594-2023-13-2-46-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of neoadjuvant treatment on postoperative morbidity in upper rectal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние предоперационного лечения на частоту послеоперационных осложнений при раке верхнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukmonov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукмонов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saidrahim Nadirovich Lukmonov</p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саидрахим Нодирович </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>drrakhim46@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkaya</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленькая</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-942X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedko</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедько</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-8379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mammadli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/605">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/605</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The need of neoadjuvant treatment for upper rectal cancer remains the object of discussion, which makes further study of this topic important.</p><p><bold>Аim.</bold> To estimate the postoperative complications rate depending on the type of neoajuvant treatment.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A retrospective cohort multicenter study, that analyzed data of medical records of patients with upper rectal cancer from the archive of N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center of the ministry of Health of Russia, Ryzhikh national medical Research Center of Coloproctology of the ministry of Health of Russia and Stavropol Regional Clinical Oncology Center for 2007–2020. Patients were devided into 3 groups: the group of radiotherapy (5*5 gy), the group of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4 courses of XELOX before surgery) and the group of surgery. The main endpoint was the study of anastomotic leak rate. Also we estimated the postoperative complications rate III–Iv degree (Clavien– Dindo), the sphincter-preserving surgery rate, the stoma creation rate, the postoperative mortality.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> we included 110 patients in radiotherapy group, 188 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, 103 patients in surgery group. Study groups were comparable by sex, ASA status and histological grade. Postoperative grade III– Iv complications (in all cases were associated with anastomotic leak) developed in 8 (6.8 %) patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group versus 11 (10.0 %) patients in radiotherapy group (p = 0.379) and 12 (11.7 %) patients in surgery group (p = 0.208). There weren»t any significant differences in this parameter between the radiotherapy and the surgery group (p = 0.698). R0-resection was performed in 117 (99.2 %) patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group versus 107 (97.3 %) patients in radiotherapy group (p = 0.280) and 103 patients (100 %) in surgery group (p = 0.349). Radiotherapy and surgery groups didn’t differ significantly in R0-resection rate (p = 0.091). 1 patient (0.84 %) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy died before surgery, in other groups there weren’t any lethal outcomes (p = 0.283). Only the male sex, had a statistically significant effect on the anastomotic leak rate (risk ratio (HR) 2.875; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.24–6.63; p = 0.003).</p><p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> A study of these case histories of patients with cancer of the upper ampullary rectum, conducted by us, showed that neoadjuvant treatment didn»t affect the postoperative complications rate.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Необходимость предоперационного лечения при раке верхнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки остается предметом обсуждений, что делает актуальным дальнейшее изучение этой темы.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка частоты послеоперационных осложнений в зависимости от вида предоперационного лечения.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Ретроспективное когортное многоцентровое исследование, в ходе которого проанализированы данные историй болезни больных раком верхнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки из архива ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии имени Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, ФГБУ «НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А. Н. Рыжих» минздрава России и ГБУЗ Ставропольского края «Ставропольский краевой клинический онкологический диспансер» за период с 2007 г. по 2020 г. Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: лучевой терапии (ЛТ) (5 × 5 Гр), неоадъювантной химиотерапии (НАХТ) (4 курса XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) до операции) и хирургии. Основным изучаемым параметром была частота развития несостоятельности анастомоза (НА). Также оценивали общую частоту послеоперационных осложнений III–Iv степени тяжести по классификации хирургических осложнений Clavien–Dindo, проведения сфинктеросохраняющих операций, формирования стомы, послеоперационную летальность.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В группы ЛТ, НАХТ и хирургии вошли 110, 188 и 103 пациента соответственно. Исследуемые в группах были сопоставимы по полу и статусу согласно классификации Американского общества анестезиологов (American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA) и степени дифференцировки опухоли. Послеоперационные осложнения III– Iva степени тяжести по Clavien–Dindo (во всех случаях были связаны с развитием НА) развились у 8 (6,8 %) пациентов из группы НАХТ в сравнении с 11 (10,0 %) пациентами из группы ЛТ (р = 0,379) и 12 (11,7 %) из группы хирургического лечения (р = 0,208). между группами ЛТ и хирургии не зафиксировано достоверных различий по этому показателю (р = 0,698). R0-резекцию удалось провести у 117 (99,2 %) пациентов в группе НАХТ в сравнении с 107 (97,3 %) пациентами в группе ЛТ (р = 0,280) и 103 (100 %) в группе хирургического лечения (р = 0,349). Группы ЛТ и хирургии также достоверно не различались по показателю частоты проведения R0-резекций (р = 0,091). Летальный исход зарегистрирован у 1 (0,84 %) пациента на фоне проведения НАХТ, в других группах летальных исходов на фоне лечения не отмечено (р = 0,283). Статистически значимо на частоту НА влиял только один параметр – мужской пол: отношение рисков (ОР) 2,875; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,24–6,63; р = 0,003.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Исследование данных историй болезни больных раком верхнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки, проведенное нами, показало, что предоперационное лечение не влияло на частоту возникновения послеоперационных осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неоадъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>хирургия</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Folkesson J., Birgisson H., Pahlman L. et al. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial: long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(24):5644–50. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.08.144</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Sebag-Montefiore D., Stephens R.J., Steele R. et al. Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet 2009;373(9666):811–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60484-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>van Gijn W., Marijnen C.A., Nagtegaal I.D. et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial. Lancet Oncol 2011;12(6):575–82. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70097-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y., Sun Y., Xu Z. et al. Is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy always necessary for mid/high local advanced rectal cancer: A comparative analysis after propensity score matching. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017;43(8):1440–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.04.007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor F.G., Quirke P., Heald R.J. et al. Preoperative magNETic resonance imaging assessment of circumferential resection margin predicts disease-free survival and local recurrence: 5-year follow-up results of the MERCURY study. J Clin Oncol 2014;32(1):34–43. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.3258</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Seymour M.T., Morton D. FOxTROT: an international randomised controlled trial in 1052 patients (pts) evaluating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019;37(15):3504. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15. Available at: https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.3504</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochkina S.O., Gordeev S.S., Mammadli Z.Z. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of rectal cancer without lesion of the mesorectal fascia with negative prognostic factors. Tazovaya Khirurgiya i Onkologiya = Pelvic Surgery and Oncology 2020;10(2):42–6. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочкина С.О., Гордеев С.С., Мамедли З.З. Неоадъювантная химиотерапия в лечении рака прямой кишки без поражения мезоректальной фасции с негативными факторами прогноза. Тазовая хирургия и онкология 2020;10(2):42–6. DOI: 10.17650/2686-9594-2020-10-2-42-46</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochkina, S.O., Mammadli Z.Z., Gordeev S.S. Personalized treatment of patients with operable rectal cancer with negative prognosis factors. Abstracts of the VI St. Petersburg International Oncological Forum “White Nights 2020”. St. Petersburg: ANNMO “Issues of oncology”, 2020. P. 4. Available by: https://forum-onco.ru/upload/unsorted/forum_tezis_2020.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочкина, С.О., Мамедли З.З., Гордеев С.С. Персонализированное лечение больных операбельным раком прямой кишки с негативными факторами прогноза. Тезисы VI Петербургского международного онкологического форума «Белые ночи 2020». СПб: АННМО «Вопросы онкологии», 2020. С. 4. Доступно по: https://forum-onco.ru/upload/unsorted/forum_tezis_2020.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Papaccio F., Roselló S., Huerta M. et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Cancers 2020;12(12):3611. DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123611.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Bahadoer R.R., Dijkstra E.A., van Etten B. et al. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2021;22(1):29–42. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Morton D., Seymour M., Magill L. et al. Preoperative chemotherapy for operable colon cancer: Mature results of an international randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2023;41(8):1541–52. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.22.00046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Schwartz L.H., Litière S, de Vries E. et al. RECIST 1.1 –Update and clarification: From the RECIST committee. Eur J Cancer 2016;62:132–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.081</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Van Rooijen S.J., Huisman D., Stuijvenberg M. et al. Intraoperative modifiable risk factors of colorectal anastomotic leakage: Why surgeons and anesthesiologists should act together. Int J Surg 2016;36(PtA):183–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.09.098.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Tabchouri N., Eid Y., Manceau G. et al. Neoadjuvant treatment in upper rectal cancer does not improve oncologic outcomes but increases postoperative morbidity. Anticancer Res 2020;40(6):3579–87. DOI: 10.21873/anticans.14348</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Bertelsen C.A., Andreasen A.H., Jørgensen T. et al. Anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer: risk factors. Colorec tal Dis 2010;12(1):37–43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01711.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Alekseev M., Rybakov E., Khomyakov E. et al. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography as an independent factor of anastomotic leakage and a nomogram for predicting leak for colorectal anastomoses. Ann Coloproctol 2022;38(5):380–6. DOI: 10.3393/ac.2021.00171.0024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Chernyshov S., Alexeev M., Rybakov E. et al. Risk factors and inflammatory predictors for anastomotic leakage following total mesorectal excision with defunctioning stoma. Pol Przegl Chir 2018;90(3):31–6. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.8169</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedko M . S., Gordeev S. S., Alieva E.V. et al. Risk factors for colorectal anastomotic leakage and preventive measures: a retrospective cohort study. Tazovaya Khirurgiya i Onkologiya = Pelvic Surgery and Oncology 2022;12(2):17–27. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-2-17-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедько М.С., Гордеев С. С., Алиева Э. В. и др. Факторы риска развития несостоятельности колоректального анастомоза и методы ее профилактики: ретроспективное когортное исследование. Тазовая хирургия и онкология 2022;12(2):17–27. DOI: 10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-2-17-27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Uehara K., Hiramatsu K., Maeda A. et al. Neoadjuvant oxaliplatin and capecitabine and bevacizumab without radiotherapy for poor-risk rectal cancer: N-SOG 03 Phase II trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013;43(10):964–71. DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt115</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Pommergaard H.C., Gessler B , Burcharth J. et al. Preoperative risk factors for anastomotic leakage after resection for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Colorectal Dis 2014;16(9):662–71. DOI: 10.1111/codi.12618</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Rutegård M., Boström P., Haapamäki M. et al. Current use of diverting stoma in anterior resection for cancer: population-based cohort study of total and partial mesorectal excision. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016;31(3):579–85. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2465-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Glynne-Jones R., Hall M.R., Lopes A. et al. BACCHUS: A randomised non-comparative phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Heliyon 2018;4(9):e00804. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00804</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
