Surgery and OncologySurgery and OncologyХирургия и онкология2949-5857Publishing House ABV Press55210.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-3-43-50LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫUnknownEndoscopic criteria and promising biomarkers for serrated adenomas of the colon (literature review)Эндоскопические критерии и перспективные биомаркеры зубчатых аденом ободочной кишки (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-970XKarasevI. A.КарасевИ. А.
Russian Federation

Ivan Aleksandrovich Karasev

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

Иван Александрович Карасев

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

ronc-karasev@yandex.ruStroganovaA. M.СтрогановаА. М.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruMalikhovaO. A.МалиховаО. А.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-1019DavydkinaT. S.ДавыдкинаТ. С.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-1995GrigoryevskayaZ. V.ГригорьевскаяЗ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruTereshchenkoI. V.ТерещенкоИ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruPospekhovaN. I.ПоспеховаН. И.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-8874SemyanikhinaA. V.СемьянихинаА. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

info@abvpress.ruN. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России0709202212343500709202207092022Copyright ©; 2022, Karasev I.A., Stroganova A.M., Malikhova O.A., Davydkina T.S., Grigoryevskaya Z.V., Tereshchenko I.V., Pospekhova N.I., Semyanikhina A.V.Copyright ©; 2022, Карасев И.А., Строганова А.М., Малихова О.А., Давыдкина Т.С., Григорьевская З.В., Терещенко И.В., Поспехова Н.И., Семьянихина А.В.2022Karasev I.A., Stroganova A.M., Malikhova O.A., Davydkina T.S., Grigoryevskaya Z.V., Tereshchenko I.V., Pospekhova N.I., Semyanikhina A.V.Карасев И.А., Строганова А.М., Малихова О.А., Давыдкина Т.С., Григорьевская З.В., Терещенко И.В., Поспехова Н.И., Семьянихина А.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/552

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in many countries of the world, both in men and women, and these rates are on the rise. The probability of suffering from CRC is about 4–5 % and the risk for developing CRC is associated with personal features or habits such as age, chronic disease history and lifestyle, but in most cases colorectal cancer develops as a result of the degeneration of adenomatous formations or along the jagged path. Immune dysregulation, dysbiosis, and epithelial destruction contribute to colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. The gut microbiota has a relevant role, and dysbiosis situations can induce colonic carcinogenesis through a chronic inflammation mechanism. Some of the bacteria responsible for this multiphase process include Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. moreover, CRC is caused by mutations that target oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and genes related to DNA repair mechanisms.

Considering that the average time for the development of adenocarcinoma from precancer takes about 10 years, changes in the microbiota can be a prospective marker for screening precancerous conditions of the colon, as well as the detection of changes in DNA.

The work will discuss the relationship between changes in the microbial composition of the colon with the genetic mutations identified by molecular genetic sequencing.

Колоректальный рак (КРР) является одной из ведущих причин смертности от онкологических заболеваний во многих странах мира, как у мужчин, так и у женщин, и эти показатели имеют тенденцию к росту. Вероятность развития КРР составляет около 4–5 %, риск его развития связан с индивидуальными особенностями организма, вредными привычками, возрастом, хроническими заболеваниями и образом жизни, однако в большинстве случаев КРР развивается вследствие перерождения аденоматозных образований или по пути метаплазии из зубчатых аденом, его канцерогенезу содействуют иммунная дисрегуляция, дисбиоз и разрушение эпителия. Микробиота кишечника играет важную роль в канцерогенезе, вероятно, через механизм хронического воспаления. Некоторые из бактерий, ответственных за этот многофазный процесс, включают Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis и энтеропатогенные Escherichia coli. кроме того, КРР вызывается мутациями, нацеленными на онкогены, гены – супрессоры опухолей и гены, связанные с механизмами репарации ДНК.

С учетом того, что среднее время развития аденокарциномы из предрака занимает около 10 лет, изменение кишечной микрофлоры может являться перспективным маркером для скрининга предраковых состояний толстой кишки, как и обнаружение изменений в ДНК.

В работе пойдет речь о взаимосвязи изменений микробного состава толстой кишки с выявленными путем молекулярно-генетического секвенирования генными мутациями.

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