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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">528</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-1-41-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Short-term and long-term treatment outcomes in patients with lower and middle rectal cancer with complete clinical and pathomorphological response after comprehensive treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Непосредственные и отдаленные результаты лечения пациентов с раком среднеи нижнеампулярного отделов прямой кишки с клиническим и патоморфологическим полным ответом после комбинированной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-6658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudaev</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудаев</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23 </p></bio><email>z.dudaev@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudoerov</surname><given-names>Dzh.  Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худоеров</surname><given-names>Дж. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-6459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-8379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magarramova</surname><given-names>Z. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магаррамова</surname><given-names>З. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/528">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/528</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective: </bold>to compare short-term and long-term treatment outcomes between patients with lower and middle rectal cancer with complete clinical and pathomorphological response after comprehensive treatment.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>we performed retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with lower and middle rectal cancer. The experimental group included 27 patients with complete clinical response, whereas the control group comprised 31 patients with complete pathomorphological response (ypT0n0m0) who had undergone total mesorectal excision following neoadjuvant therapy. The main evaluated parameters included postoperative complications, proportion of R0 resections, proportion of sphincter-preserving surgeries, 2-year overall survival, and progression-free survival.<bold>Results. </bold>At a median follow-up time of 41 months (range: 25–114 months), 2 patients from the experimental group had progressive disease registered 18 and 19 months after treatment initiation; both patients underwent abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum. The remaining 25 patients had sphincter sparing surgeries. At a median follow-up time of 48 months (range: 24–101 months), one patient was found to have liver metastasis 5 months following treatment initiation. He underwent simultaneous surgery that included low anterior resection of the rectum and liver resection and had no postoperative complications. In the group of surgical treatment, all patients underwent radical surgeries (R0), including those with permanent stoma formation (<italic>n </italic>= 11; 35.5 %) or preventive stoma formation (<italic>n </italic>= 20; 64.5 %) with subsequent bowel repair. The 2-year overall survival rate was 100 % in both groups. The 2-year progression-free survival rate was 92.6 % in the experimental group and 96.8 % in the control group (<italic>p </italic>= 0.473).<bold>Conclusion. </bold>The watch and wait strategy with active dynamic follow-up is a safe alternative to surgery in patients with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy, since it ensures the results equivalent to those in patients with complete pathomorphological response.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– сравнение непосредственных и отдаленных результатов лечения пациентов с раком среднеи нижнеампулярного отделов прямой кишки с клиническим и патоморфологическим полным ответом после комбинированного лечения.<bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения пациентов со злокачественными опухолями средне- и нижнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки. В исследуемую группу включено 27 пациентов с клиническим полным ответом, в группу контроля – 31 пациент с патоморфологическим полным ответом (ypT0n0m0), которым после проведенного неоадъювантного лечения было выполнено хирургическое лечение с тотальной мезоректумэктомией. Основными оцениваемыми параметрами были послеоперационные осложнения, частота выполнения R0-резекций, частота сохранения сфинктерного аппарата, частота 2-летней общей выживаемости и выживаемости без прогрессирования заболевания.<bold>Результаты. </bold>При медиане наблюдения 41 (25–114) мес у 2 пациентов исследуемой группы развился продолженный рост опухоли на 18-м и 19-м месяце после начала лечения, обоим пациентам было выполнено хирургическое лечение в объеме брюшно-промежностной экстирпации прямой кишки. у остальных 25 (92,5 %) пациентов был сохранен сфинктерный аппарат. При медиане наблюдения 48 (24–101) мес в контрольной группе у 1 пациента диагностирован метастаз в печени через 5 мес после начала лечения, пациенту было выполнено симультанное хирургическое вмешательство в объеме низкой передней резекции прямой кишки, резекции печени; развития послеоперационных осложнений не отмечено. В группе хирургического лечения всем пациентам было выполнено радикальное хирургическое лечение (R0): 11 (35,5 %) пациентам – с формированием пожизненной стомы и 20 (64,5 %) пациентам – с формированием превентивной стомы, после чего всем 20 пациентам было выполнено восстановление непрерывности толстой кишки. Показатели 2-летней общей выживаемости в обеих группах составили 100 %. Показатель 2-летней выживаемости без прогрессирования в исследуемой группе составил 92,6 %, в контрольной группе – 96,8 % (<italic>p </italic>= 0,473).<bold>Заключение. </bold>Выжидательная тактика “watch and wait” с активным динамическим наблюдением является безопасной альтернативой оперативному вмешательству у пациентов с клиническим полным ответом после неоадъювантного лечения и позволяет достичь результатов, схожих с таковыми у пациентов с патоморфологическим полным ответом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>watch and wait strategy</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>complete clinical response</kwd><kwd>complete pathomorphological response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>“watch and wait”</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>клинический полный ответ</kwd><kwd>патоморфологический полный ответ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bach S.P., Hill J., Monson J. et al. 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