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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">527</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-1-35-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">“Watch and wait” strategy (active dynamic follow-up) in the management of rectal cancer patients with a complete clinical response</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тактика “watch and wait” (активное динамическое наблюдение) в лечении больных раком прямой кишки с клиническим полным ответом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-6658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudaev</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудаев</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><email>z.dudaev@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudoerov</surname><given-names>Dzh. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худоеров</surname><given-names>Дж. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-6459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-8379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myshlyakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мышляков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/527">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/527</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Currently available chemoradiotherapy regimens for distal rectal cancer often ensure complete regression of the tumor and lymph node lesions. Therefore, patients with a complete clinical response can be managed with a “watch and wait” (ww) strategy.<bold>Objective: </bold>to evaluate 2-year overall and progression-free survival in patients with local and locally advanced rectal cancer with a complete clinical response who were managed with the ww strategy.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>we performed retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed, histologically verified, stage II–III, mrT1–2n1–2m0, T3–4n0–2m0 (within 0–10 cm of the anal verge), and mrT2n0m0 (within 0–5 cm of the anal verge) rectal cancer who had demonstrated complete clinical response to chemoradiotherapy. mandard tumor regression grade (TRg1–2) (assessed using magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis) and palpatory/visual signs of residual tumor (assessed by digital examination and colonoscopy) were the main parameters evaluated. Overall and disease-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–meier method.<bold>Results. </bold>Twenty-seven patients with a complete clinical response were assigned to the ww group. mRI scans of the pelvis demonstrated that 5 patients (18.5 %) had TRg1, whereas 22 patients (81.5 %) had TRg2. T-downstaging after therapy was observed in 21 participants (77.7 %). n-downstaging was registered in all 14 patients (100 %) with regional lymph nodes affected. median follow-up time was 41 months (range: 25–114 months). Two individuals (7.4 %) developed progressive disease. Both of them had lengthy tumors as demonstrated by digital examination, colonoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging; they immediately underwent radical surgery. The two-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 100 % and 92.6 %, respectively. <bold>Conclusion. </bold>The ww strategy with active dynamic follow-up is safe for the management of patients with local and locally advanced middle and lower rectal cancer, provided that inclusion/exclusion criteria are adhered to and patients are carefully followed-up in specialized centers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>современные возможности химиолучевой терапии при лечении рака прямой кишки дистальных локализаций позволяют в ряде случаев добиться полного регресса опухоли прямой кишки и пораженных лимфатических узлов. Пациентам с клиническим полным ответом возможно применение выжидательной тактики “watch and wait” как альтернативы хирургическому лечению.<bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить показатели 2-летней общей выживаемости и выживаемости без прогрессирования заболевания у пациентов с локализованным и местно-распространенным раком прямой кишки с полным клиническим ответом при выжидательной тактике лечения с активным динамическим наблюдением.<bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения пациентов с гистологически верифицированным впервые выявленным раком прямой кишки II–III стадий mrT1–2n1–2m0, T3–4n0–2m0 на 0–10 см от анокутанной линии, mrT2n0m0 на 0–5 см от анокутанной линии, у которых был констатирован клинический полный ответ на лечение после проведенной химиолучевой терапии. Основными оцениваемыми параметрами были степень регресса опухоли (TRg1–2) по шкале mandard на основании данных магнитно-резонансной томографии органов малого таза и отсутствие пальпаторных и визуальных по данным пальцевого исследования и видеоколоноскопии признаков наличия остаточного опухолевого субстрата. Общая и безрецидивная выживаемость анализировалась методом каплана–мейера.<bold>Результаты. </bold>27 пациентов с клиническим полным ответом включены в группу “watch and wait”. По данным магнитно-резонансной томографии органов малого таза степень TRg1 наблюдалась у 5 (18,5 %) пациентов, TRg2 – у 22 (81,5 %). После проведенного лечения снижение клинической стадии T обнаружено у 21 (77,7 %) пациента. снижение стадии n отмечено у всех 14 (100 %) больных с исходными данными о поражении регионарных лимфатических узлов. медиана наблюдения составила 41 (25–114) мес. Прогрессирование отмечено у 2 (7,4 %) пациентов. у обоих больных по данным пальцевого исследования, видеоколоноскопии и магнитно-резонансной томографии органов малого таза был зарегистрирован продолженный рост опухоли прямой кишки, после чего сразу было выполнено радикальное хирургическое лечение. Показатели 2-летней общей и безрецидивной выживаемости составили 100 и 92,6 % соответственно.<bold>Выводы. </bold>Выжидательная тактика “watch and wait” с активным динамическим наблюдением может быть безопасно применена в лечении пациентов с локальными и местно-распространенными формами рака средне- и нижнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки при тщательном следовании критериям включения, исключения и при условии строгого соблюдения режима наблюдения в условиях специализированных центров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>complete clinical response</kwd><kwd>“watch and wait” strategy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>клинический полный ответ</kwd><kwd>“watch and wait”</kwd><kwd>выжидательная тактика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sauer R., Liersch T., Merkel S. et al. 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