<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">526</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2686-9594-2022-12-1-27-34</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Concordance between the tumor mutational status and circulating tumor DNA in patients with colorectal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка конкордантности мутационного статуса опухолевого материала и циркулирующей в крови опухолевой ДНК при колоректальном раке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-1169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanskaya</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянская</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><email>Lazimira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname> Fedyanin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p><p>8 Sosenskiy stan St., Moscow 142770, Russia</p><p>70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p><p> Россия, 142770 Москва, ул. Сосенский стан, 8</p><p>Россия, 105203 Москва, Нижняя Первомайская ул., 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarskikh</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боярских</surname><given-names>У. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 8 Akademika Lavrentyeva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 630090 Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kechin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кечин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 8 Akademika Lavrentyeva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 630090 Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 8</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5348-5011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-585X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudashkin</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Kудашкин</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-3378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podluzhniy</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подлужный</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrapov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храпов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 8 Akademika Lavrentyeva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 630090 Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oskorobin</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оскоробин</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 8 Akademika Lavrentyeva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 630090 Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamovskaya</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамовская</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 8 Akademika Lavrentyeva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 630090 Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-214X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tryakin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трякин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filipenko</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филипенко</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 8 Akademika Lavrentyeva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 630090 Новосибирск, просп. Академика Лаврентьева, 8 </p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-2229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tjulandin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюляндин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Clinical Research Center “Kommunarka”, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МКНЦ «Коммунарка» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff11"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff12"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/526">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/526</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Circulating tumor DnA (ctDnA) may act as a potential biomarker for predicting disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), which are radically cured or receiving chemotherapy.<bold>Objective: </bold>to evaluate the sensitivity of the investigated ctDnA detection assay and quantify the concordance of genomic alterations between ctDnA and matched primary tumor tissue of patients with CRC.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>we included patients with histologically confirmed stage I–Iv CRC treated in n.n. Blokhin Cancer Research Center from 2016 to 2021. DnA was purified from tissue samples using QIAamp DnA formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffPE) Tissue Kit (QIAgEn, germany). next-generation sequencing (ngS) technique was used to detect genetic mutations in primary tumor. ctDnA mutations were detected by droplet digital PCR.<bold>Results. </bold>The sensitivity of platform (assay) for detecting genetic alterations in tissue samples was 97.82 %; in ctDnA – 51.20 % for all stages and 64.5 % for stage Iv CRC. Across eight genes (<italic>KRAS, TP53, APC, PIK3CA, BRAF, FBXW7, MB21D2</italic>, and <italic>SMAD4</italic>) concordance between primary tumor and ctDnA was 69.4 % (95 % CI 62.2–76.0). Sensitivity for all stages is 51.2 % (95 % CI 45.8–56.6), for metastatic CRC 64.5 % (95 % CI 53.3–74.5). The concordance across all genes was 65.4 % (95 % CI 57.1–73.1) and 83.8 % (95 % CI 69.6–92.9) for stage I–III and stage Iv CRC, respectively. The concordance rate between ctDnA and primary tumor tissue for <italic>KRAS </italic>alterations across all stages and stage Iv CRC was 78.3 % (95 % CI 66.7–87.3) and 90.9 % (95 % CI 64.7–99.0), respectively. with increasing tumor stage (T), the number of matches raised across all genes with the highest number observed in nx category.<bold>Conclusion. </bold>The study indicates high concordance between tumor tissue and ctDnA, especially for <italic>KRAS </italic>and <italic>BRAF </italic>genes in patients with metastatic CRC, suggesting the clinical utility of ctDnA testing as a minimally invasive method and alternative to tissue biopsy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>для улучшения результатов лечения пациентов с колоректальным раком (кРР) необходимо изучение маркеров прогрессирования после радикального лечения и в процессе химиотерапии. В данном контексте представляет интерес изучение циркулирующей в крови опухолевой дНк (цодНк).<bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить чувствительность разработанной тест-системы по выявлению цодНк и конкордантность выявленных изменений генетическим альтерациям в первичной опухоли у больных кРР.<bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В исследование включались пациенты с морфологически верифицированным кРР I–Iv стадии, проходившие лечение в Фгбу «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. блохина» минздрава России в период с 2016 по 2021 г. Выделение дНк из блока первичной опухоли осуществлялось при помощи набора QIAamp DnA ffPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, германия). Перечень мутаций опухоли был определен при помощи полногеномного секвенирования (ngS). с целью обогащения ngS-библиотеки применялась мультиплексная полимеразная цепная реакция. для секвенирования библиотек использовалась платформа miniSeq (Illumina). Определение опухольспецифичных соматических мутаций в цодНк из образцов плазмы крови проводилось с помощью ddPCR (цифровая капельная полимеразная цепная реакция).<bold>Результаты. </bold>Чувствительность тест-системы по выявлению генетических нарушений в опухолевом материале составила 97,82 %, в цодНк – 51,20 % для всех стадий заболевания и 64,5 % для метастатического кРР. конкордантность между первичной опухолью и цодНк для всех стадий составила 69,4 % (95 % доверительный интервал (дИ) 62,2–76,0): для I–III стадий – 65,4 % (95 % дИ 57,1–73,1), при отдаленных метастазах – 83,8 % (95 % дИ 69,6–92,9). конкордантность по гену <italic>KRAS </italic>для всех стадий – 78,3 % (95 % дИ 66,7–87,3), для Iv стадии – 90,9 % (95 % дИ 64,7–99,0). конкордантность по гену <italic>BRAF </italic>составила 70 % (95 % дИ 39,4–90,7), для Iv стадии – 75,0 % (95 % дИ 28,4–97,2). показатель совпадений возрастал для всех генов по мере увеличения критерия T, был наибольшим для категории nx.<bold>Выводы. </bold>В работе показана высокая чувствительность тест-системы по выявлению генетических альтераций в опухолевом материале и плазме крови. конкордантность цодНк и тканей первичной опухоли также оказалась удовлетворительной, особенно в отношении статуса генов <italic>KRAS </italic>и <italic>BRAF </italic>при метастатическом заболевании, что позволяет рассматривать ее в качестве альтернативы классическому определению мутаций в генах в опухолевом материале.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>circulating tumor DnA</kwd><kwd>concordance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>циркулирующая опухолевая дНк</kwd><kwd>конкордантность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed within the framework of the experimental state task of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках экспериментального государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Ferlay J. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–24. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Auclin E., Zaanan A., Vernerey D. et al. Subgroups and prognostication in stage III colon cancer: future perspectives for adjuvant therapy. Ann Oncol 2017;28(5):958–68. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx030.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>André T., de Gramont A., Vernerey D. et al. Adjuvant Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin in Stage II to III Colon Cancer: Updated 10-year survival and outcomes according to BRAF mutation and mismatch repair status of the MOSAIC study. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(35):4176–87. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.42384.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Hu Z., Chen H., Long Y. et al. The main sources of circulating cell-free DNA: apoptosis, necrosis and active secretion. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021;157:103166. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103166.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Bettegowda C., Sausen M., Leary R.J. et al. Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies. Sci Transl Med 2014;6(224). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007094.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sefrioui D., Vasseur N., Sesboüé R. et al. Plasma cell-free DNA and fraction of circulating KRAS mutations as prognostic in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014;32(3 Suppl):490. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.490.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Thierry A.R., Mouliere F., El Messaoudi S. et al. Clinical validation of the detection of KRAS and BRAF mutations from circulating tumor DNA. Nat Med 2014;20(4):430–5. DOI: 10.1038/nm.3511.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Tie J., Kinde I., Wang Y. et al. Circulating tumor DNA as an early marker of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2015;26(8):1715–22. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv177</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Spindler K.L.G., Pallisgaard N., Andersen R.F. et al. Circulating free DNA as biomarker and source for mutation detection in metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0108247. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108247.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Liu F., Li C., Zhao J. et al. 2185 Detection of KRAS mutations in plasma from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by the next-generation sequencing. Eur J Cancer 2015;51:S395. DOI: 10.1016/S0959-8049(16)31105-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kidess-Sigal E., Liu H.E., Triboulet M.M. et al. Enumeration and targeted analysis of KRAS , BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in CTCs captured by a label-free platform: Comparison to ctDNA and tissue in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016;7(51):85349–64. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Thierry A.R., El Messaoudi S., Mollevi C. et al. Clinical utility of circulating DNA analysis for rapid detection of actionable mutations to select metastatic colorectal patients for anti-EGFR treatment. Ann Oncol 2017;28(9):2149–59. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx330.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Vidal J., Muinelo L., Dalmases A. et al. Plasma ctDNA RAS mutation analysis for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017;28(6):1325–32. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Grasselli J., Elez E., Caratù G. et al. Concordance of blood- and tumor-based detection of RAS mutations to guide antiEGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2017;28(6):1294–301. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Bachet J.B., Bouché O., Taieb J. et al. RAS mutation analysis in circulating tumor DNA from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: the AGEO RASANC prospective multicenter study. Ann Oncol 2018;29(5):1211–9. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy061.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Yao J., Zang W., Ge Y. et al. RAS/BRAF circulating tumor DNA mutations as a predictor of response to first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Cancer J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;2018:1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4248971.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Mardinian K., Okamura R., Kato S., Kurzrock R. Temporal and spatial effects and survival outcomes associated with concordance between tissue and blood KRAS alterations in the pan‐cancer setting. Int J Cancer 2020;146(2):566–76. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32510.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Van’t Erve I., Greuter M.J.E., Bolhuis K. et al. Diagnostic strategies toward clinical implementation of liquid biopsy RAS/BRAF circulating tumor DNA analyses in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Mol Diagn 2020;22(12):1430–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.09.002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta R., Othman T., Chen C. et al. Guardant360 circulating tumor DNA assay is concordant with FoundationOne next-generation sequencing in detecting actionable driver mutations in anti-EGFR Naive metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2020;25(3):235–43. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0441.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Lastraioli E., Antonuzzo L., Fantechi B. et al. KRAS and NRAS mutation detection in circulating DNA from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using BEAMing assay: Concordance with standard biopsy and clinical evaluation. Oncol Lett 2020;21(1):15. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12276.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kagawa Y., Elez E., García-Foncillas J. et al. Combined analysis of concordance between liquid and tumor tissue biopsies for RAS mutations in colorectal cancer with a single metastasis site: The METABEAM study. Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(9):2515–22. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3677.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Dumbrava E.E., Call S.G., Huang H.J. et al. PIK3CA mutations in plasma circulating tumor DNA predict survival and treatment outcomes in patients with advanced cancers. ESMO Open 2021;6(5):100230. DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100230.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>COSMIC, the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations In Cancer, is the world’s largest and most comprehensive resource for exploring the impact of somatic mutations in human cancer. Available at: https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
