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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2220-3478-2012-0-3-28-37</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multimodality treatment in patients with operable distal rectal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комплексное лечение больных операбельным раком прямой кишки дистальной локализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barsukov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барсуков</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>barsukov@oncoproct.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmichev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмичев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-02-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/52">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/52</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>More than 30-year experience of the department of proctology of N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, which demonstrates the necessity in developing complex treatment for distal rectal cancer is presented in this article. An original treatment scheme has been developed, incorporating radiotherapy (short course 5 Ч 5 Gy) with 2 radiosensitizers and systemic cytotoxic therapy with fluorpyrimidines (capecitabine). The developed treatment scheme has acceptable toxicity and can be combined with all types of surgical interventions. A significant reduction in local and distant failures rates can be achieved as well an improvement of disease-free survival. This allows to increase indications to sphincter-sparing treatment by improving ablastics of surgery and provide high level of social rehabilitation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>distal rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>radiomodifiers</kwd><kwd>tumor regression</kwd><kwd>systemic cytotoxic therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">рак дистальных отделов прямой кишки; неоадъювантная лучевая терапия; радиомодификаторы; лекарственный патоморфоз; системная цитотоксическая терапия</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. National Cancer Comprehensive Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: rectal cancer. V. 2. 2012. URL: http://www.nccn.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Cancer Comprehensive Network. 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