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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Surgery and Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Surgery and Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургия и онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5857</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">471</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2686-9594-2020-10-2-19-27</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">results of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Comparative efficiency of hypofractionation and classical fractionation schedules</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты неоадъювантной химиолучевой терапии больных местно-распространенным раком прямой кишки. Сравнительная эффективность режимов гипофракционирования и классического фракционирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-5416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdujapparov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдужаппаров</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>md.abror@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-8172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачев</surname><given-names>С И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Madyarov</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадьяров</surname><given-names>Ж. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glebovskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глебовская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-08-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-29"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-08-29"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/471">https://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/471</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective:</bold> comparison of the effectiveness of the results of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer using classical and hypofractionated schedule of radiation therapy.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (T3C–D, positive circumferential resection margin or T4) who underwent a prolonged course of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: the first (main) group, 71 patients who received a course of chemoradiotherapy in hypofractionation schedule as part of neoadjuvant treatment (4 Gy × 40 Gy, 3 fractions per week) in combination with chemotherapy with capecitabine 1650 mg / m2 in two doses on weekdays. The second group (control group) included 79 patients who treated with long-course chemoradiotherapy in the classic fractionation mode (2 Gy × 50–58 Gy, 5 fractions per week) in combination with chemotherapy with capecitabine 1650 mg / m2 in two doses on weekdays. In the preoperative period, along with chemoradiotherapy, 4–8 courses of the systemic chemotherapy in the CapOx mode was used. The primary endpoint of this study was pathological complete response. Secondary endpoints included the seve rity of early radiation and hematological toxicity, the incidence of local recurrence, distant metastases, overall and disease-free survival.</p><p><bold> Results.</bold> The study included 150 patients. The overall frequency of acute radiation toxicity of grade III–IV was 5.6 % in the main group and 8.9 % in the control group (p = 0.658), from them hematological toxicity – 2.82 % and 7.6 %, respectively (p = 0.350), skin and pelvic organ toxicity – 2.82 % and 1.3 %, respectively (p = 0.926). Complete pathological response of III degree in the groups achieved 22.5 % and 19 %, respectively (p = 0.593), grade IV – 18.3 % and 15.2 %, respectively (p = 0.829). In the main and control groups, 4.2 % and 3.8 % of local recurrence were registered, respectively (p = 0.954; hazard ratio (HR) 1.05; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.21–5.22). The median time of disease-free survival was 39.4 months. The three-year disease-free survival in the main group was 73.2 % and in the control group 64.6 %, respectively (p = 0.353; HR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.42–1.35). The three-year overall survival in the main and control groups were 84.5 % and 82.3 %, respectively (p = 0.743; HR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.39–1.92).</p><p><bold> Conclusions.</bold> The hypofractionation schedule can be considered as an alternative and not inferior to the standard dose fractionation regimen in a prolonged course of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – сравнение эффективности результатов неоадъювантной химиолучевой терапии больных местно-распространенным раком прямой кишки при использовании классического и гипофракционного режима лучевой терапии.</p><p><bold> Материалы и методы.</bold> Работа основана на ретроспективном анализе базы данных больных местно-распространенным раком прямой кишки (T3C–D, положительный циркулярный край резекции либо T4), которым был проведен пролонгированный курс неоадъювантной химиолучевой терапии с последующим оперативным вмешательством. Пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: 1-ю (основную) группу (n = 71) составили пациенты, которым в рамках неоадъювантного лечения был выполнен курс химиолучевой терапии в режиме гипофракционирования (разовая очаговая доза 4 Гр, суммарная очаговая доза 40 Гр, 3 фракции в неделю) в комбинации с химиотерапией капецитабином 1650 мг / м2 в 2 приема в будние дни. Во 2-ю (контрольную) группу было включено 79 пациентов, которым был проведен курс химиолучевой терапии в режиме классического фракционирования (разовая очаговая доза 2 Гр, суммарная очаговая доза 50–58 Гр, 5 фракций в неделю) в комбинации с химиотерапией капецитабином 1650 мг / м2 в 2 приема в будние дни. В периоперационном периоде наряду с химиолучевой терапией применялась системная химиотерапия по схеме CapOx 4–8 курсов. Основной оцениваемый показатель – лечебный патоморфоз (по Dworak). Дополнительные оцениваемые показатели: степень тяжести ранних лучевых повреждений и гематологической токсичности, частота развития местных рецидивов, отдаленных метастазов, общая и безрецидивная выживаемость.</p><p><bold> Результаты.</bold> В исследование включено 150 пациентов. Общая частота ранней лучевой токсичности III и IV степени тяжести составила 5,6 % в основной группе и 8,9 % в контрольной группе (р = 0,658), из них частота гематологической токсичности – 2,82 и 7,6 % соответственно (р = 0,350), частота токсичности со стороны кожи и смежных органов малого таза – 2,82 и 1,3 % соответственно (р = 0,926). Лечебный патоморфоз III степени в 1-й и 2-й группах достигнут в 22,5 и 19 % случаев соответственно (p = 0,593), лечебный патоморфоз IV степени – в 18,3 и 15,2 % случаев соответственно (p = 0,829). В основной и в группе контроля зарегистрировано 4,2 и 3,8 % рецидивов соответственно (p = 0,954; отношение рисков (ОР) 1,05; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,21–5,22). Медиана времени без прогрессирования в общей выборке составила 39,4 мес. Показатель 3-летней выживаемости без прогрессирования в основной группе составил 73,2 %, а в группе контроля – 64,6 % (p = 0,353; ОР 0,79; 95 % ДИ 0,42–1,35), показатель 3-летней общей выживаемости – 84,5 и 82,3 % в основной и контрольной группах соответственно (p = 0,743; ОР 0,87; 95 % ДИ 0,39–1,92).</p><p><bold> Выводы.</bold> Таким образом, режим гипофракционирования может рассматриваться как альтернативный и не уступающий стандартному режиму фракционирования дозы в пролонгированном курсе неоадъювантной химиолучевой терапии больных местнораспространенным раком прямой кишки. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>locally advanced rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy</kwd><kwd>hypofractionated course</kwd><kwd>complete pathological response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>местно-распространенный рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная химиолучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>гипофракционный курс</kwd><kwd>полный лечебный патоморфоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Benson A.B., Venook A.P., Cederquist L. et al. 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