Surgery and OncologySurgery and OncologyХирургия и онкология2949-5857Publishing House ABV Press1610.17650/2220-3478-2012-0-2-10-25IN FOCUSВ ЦЕНТРЕ ВНИМАНИЯPilonidal sinus carcinoma (review of the literature)Рак пилонидальной кисты (обзор литературы)TsemaYe. V.ЦемаЕ. В.
Ukraine
hemorrhoid@ukr.netMilitary Medical Department of Security Service of Ukraine, KievВоенно-медицинское управление Службы безопасности Украины, Киев270220121210252502201525022015Copyright ©; 2012, ABV-pressCopyright ©; 2012, АБВ-пресс2012ABV-pressАБВ-прессhttps://onco-surgery.info/jour/about/editorialPolicieshttps://onco-surgery.info/jour/article/view/16

The analytic review of the national and foreign literature about problem of malignant transformation of sacrococcygeal pilonidal cysts is presented in the article. Here we expound the subject matters of prevalence of disease, clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapeutic approach and results of treatment these patients. The main problems of diagnostics and treatment of arcinoma arising in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus are singled out. The basic risk factors and redisposing factors of malignant transformation of sacrococcygeal pilonidal cysts are marked. It is showed, that principle direction for improvement of results of treatment patients with arcinoma arising in pilonidal sinus is early it diagnostics by means observation of the patients which have high risk of beginning its complication.

В статье представлен аналитический обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященной проблеме злокачественной трансформации пилонидальных кист крестцово-копчиковой области. Освещены вопросы терминологии, распространенности, клиники, диагностики, лечебной тактики и результатов лечения этой нозологии. Очерчены основные проблемы в диагностике и лечении рака пилонидальных кист. Выделены основные факторы риска и предрасполагающие факторы злокачественной трансформации пилонидальных кист. Показано, что основное направление возможного улучшения результатов лечения больных пилонидальной карциномой — ранняя ее диагностика путем диспансерного наблюдения за пациентами с повышенным риском возникновения этого осложнения.

sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinusepithelial coccygeal passagemalignant transformationsquamous-cell carcinomasurgical treatmentresults of treatmentпилонидальная кистаэпителиальный копчиковый ходзлокачественная трансформацияплоскоклеточная карциномахирургическое лечениерезультаты лечения1. Русак О.Б. Комплексное хирургическое лечение осложненных форм эпителиальных копчиковых ходов. Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Тернополь, 2010. 20 c.Русак О.Б. Комплексное хирургическое лечение осложненных форм эпителиальных копчиковых ходов. Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Тернополь, 2010. 20 c.2. Або Гали Мохаммад Суфьян Ассад. Пути оптимизации местного леченияАбо Гали Мохаммад Суфьян Ассад. Пути оптимизации местного леченияострого нагноения эпителиального копчикового хода. Автореф. дис. ... канд.мед. наук. Харьков, 2005. 20 c.3. Sunkara A., Wagh D., Harode S. Intermammary pilonidal sinus. Int J Trichology 2010;2(2):116−8.4. Мухадзе Г.И. Озлокачествление кист крестцово-копчиковой области. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова 975;2:140−1.Sunkara A., Wagh D., Harode S. Intermammary pilonidal sinus. Int J Trichology 2010;2(2):116−8.4. Мухадзе Г.И. Озлокачествление кист крестцово-копчиковой области. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова 975;2:140−1.5. Клеветенко Г.И. Рак, развившийся из эпителиальных копчиковых ходов. Вопросы онкологии 1969;8:89−90.Клеветенко Г.И. Рак, развившийся из эпителиальных копчиковых ходов. Вопросы онкологии 1969;8:89−90.6. Лаврешин П.М., Кириллов Ю.Б., Гобеджишвили В.К. Лечение эпителиального копчикового хода. Росс журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол 1995;1:132.Лаврешин П.М., Кириллов Ю.Б., Гобеджишвили В.К. Лечение эпителиального копчикового хода. Росс журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол 1995;1:132.7. Деревянко И.М., Дальвадянц Г.Н. Осложнения эпителиальных копчиковых ходов и кист. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова 1970;8:67−9.Деревянко И.М., Дальвадянц Г.Н. Осложнения эпителиальных копчиковых ходов и кист. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова 1970;8:67−9.8. Velitchklov N., Vezdarova M., Losanoff J.et al. A fatal case of carcinoma arising from a pilonidal sinus tract. Ulster Med J 2001;70(1):61−3.Velitchklov N., Vezdarova M., Losanoff J.et al. A fatal case of carcinoma arising from a pilonidal sinus tract. Ulster Med J 2001;70(1):61−3.9. Abboud B., Ingea H. Recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma arising in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus tract: report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42(4):525−8.Abboud B., Ingea H. Recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma arising in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus tract: report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42(4):525−8.10. Fasching M.C., Meland N.B., Woods J.E., Wolff B.G. Recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma arising in pilonidal sinus tract-multiple flap reconstructions. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 1989; 32(2):153−8.Fasching M.C., Meland N.B., Woods J.E., Wolff B.G. Recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma arising in pilonidal sinus tract-multiple flap reconstructions. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 1989; 32(2):153−8.11. Borges V.F., Keating J.T., Nasser I.A. et al. Clinicopathologic characterization of squamous-cell carcinoma arising from pilonidal disease in association with condylomata acuminatum in HIV-infected patients: report of two cases. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44(12):1873−7.Borges V.F., Keating J.T., Nasser I.A. et al. Clinicopathologic characterization of squamous-cell carcinoma arising from pilonidal disease in association with condylomata acuminatum in HIV-infected patients: report of two cases. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44(12):1873−7.12. Williamson J.D., Silverman J.F., Tafra L. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastaticWilliamson J.D., Silverman J.F., Tafra L. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastaticsquamous-cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus, with literature review. Diagn Cytopathol 1999;20(6):367−70.13. Alarcon I., Bernardos-Garcia C., Bustos-Jimenez M. et al. Malignant degeneration in pilonidal disease. Cir Cir 2011;79(4):346−50.Alarcon I., Bernardos-Garcia C., Bustos-Jimenez M. et al. Malignant degeneration in pilonidal disease. Cir Cir 2011;79(4):346−50.14. Tirone A., Gaggelli I., Francioli N. et al. Malignant degeneration of chronic pilonidalTirone A., Gaggelli I., Francioli N. et al. Malignant degeneration of chronic pilonidalcyst. Case report. Ann Ital Chir 2009; 80(5):407−9.15. Malek M.M., Emanuel P.O., Divino C.M. Malignant degeneration of pilonidal disease in an immunosuppressed patient: report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50(9):1475−7.Malek M.M., Emanuel P.O., Divino C.M. Malignant degeneration of pilonidal disease in an immunosuppressed patient: report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50(9):1475−7.16. Pekmezci S., Hiz M., Saribeyoglu K. et al. Malignant degeneration: an unusualPekmezci S., Hiz M., Saribeyoglu K. et al. Malignant degeneration: an unusualcomplication of pilonidal sinus disease. Eur J Surg 2001;167(6):475−7.17. Alecha Gil J., Echenique-Elizondo M., Amondarain J.A., Gorriz Arias G. Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. Cir Esp 2006;80(1):56.Alecha Gil J., Echenique-Elizondo M., Amondarain J.A., Gorriz Arias G. Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. Cir Esp 2006;80(1):56.18. Brown H.W., Rivera J. Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. Report of a case and review of the literature. Int Surg 1968;50(5):435−40.Brown H.W., Rivera J. Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. Report of a case and review of the literature. Int Surg 1968;50(5):435−40.19. Gaston E.A., Wilde W.L. Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. Dis Colon Rectum 1965;8(5):343−8.Gaston E.A., Wilde W.L. Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. Dis Colon Rectum 1965;8(5):343−8.20. Sharma D., Pratap A., Ghosh A., Shukla V.K. Malignant transformation of a pilonidal sinus. Surgery 2009; 145(2):243−4.Sharma D., Pratap A., Ghosh A., Shukla V.K. Malignant transformation of a pilonidal sinus. Surgery 2009; 145(2):243−4.21. Terry J.L., Gaisford J.C., Hanna D.C. Pilonidal sinus carcinoma. Am J Surg 1961; 102:465−9.Terry J.L., Gaisford J.C., Hanna D.C. Pilonidal sinus carcinoma. Am J Surg 1961; 102:465−9.22. Weinstein M., Roberts M. et al. Pilonidal sinus carcinoma. J A M A 1959;170(12):1394−5.Weinstein M., Roberts M. et al. Pilonidal sinus carcinoma. J A M A 1959;170(12):1394−5.23. Bree E., Zoetmulder F.A., Christodoulakis M. et al. Treatment of malignancy arising in pilonidal disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8(1):60−4.Bree E., Zoetmulder F.A., Christodoulakis M. et al. Treatment of malignancy arising in pilonidal disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8(1):60−4.24. Gur E., Neligan P.C., Shafir R. et al. Squamous cell carcinoma in perinealGur E., Neligan P.C., Shafir R. et al. Squamous cell carcinoma in perinealinflammatory disease. Ann Plast Surg 1997;38(6):653−7.25. Bertelsen C.A. Cleft-lift operation for pilonidal sinuses under tumescent local anesthesia: a prospective cohort study of peri- and postoperative pain. Dis Colon Rectum 2011;54(7):895−900.Bertelsen C.A. Cleft-lift operation for pilonidal sinuses under tumescent local anesthesia: a prospective cohort study of peri- and postoperative pain. Dis Colon Rectum 2011;54(7):895−900.26. Harlak A., Mentes O., Kilic S. et al. Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: analysis of previously proposed risk factors. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010;65(2):125−31.Harlak A., Mentes O., Kilic S. et al. Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: analysis of previously proposed risk factors. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010;65(2):125−31.27. Chatzis I., Noussios G., Katsourakis A., Chatzitheoklitos E. Squamous cell carcinoma related to long standing pilonidaldisease. Eur J Dermatol 2009;19(4):408−9.Chatzis I., Noussios G., Katsourakis A., Chatzitheoklitos E. Squamous cell carcinoma related to long standing pilonidaldisease. Eur J Dermatol 2009;19(4):408−9.28. Goldman H., Kalow I. Pilonidal cyst complicated by basal cell epithelioma. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 1940;1:89.Goldman H., Kalow I. Pilonidal cyst complicated by basal cell epithelioma. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 1940;1:89.29. Tendler R.J. Pilonidal sinus: Review of the literature and a report of 87 cases. South Med J 1941;34:1156.Tendler R.J. Pilonidal sinus: Review of the literature and a report of 87 cases. South Med J 1941;34:1156.30. Baroldi A. Degeneracion cancerosa de un Quiste Sacro-Coxigo. Bol Soc Cir Rosario 1942;9:103.Baroldi A. Degeneracion cancerosa de un Quiste Sacro-Coxigo. Bol Soc Cir Rosario 1942;9:103.31. Matt J.G. Carcinomatous degeneration of pilonidal cysts: report of a case. Dis ColonMatt J.G. Carcinomatous degeneration of pilonidal cysts: report of a case. Dis ColonRectum 1958;1(5):353−5.32. Boukalik W.F., Salwan F.A. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus: case report. Ann Surg 1962;156:157−60.Boukalik W.F., Salwan F.A. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus: case report. Ann Surg 1962;156:157−60.33. Boutet M. A case of epithelioma developed on a pilonidal sinus. Laval Med 1969;40(5):456−9.Boutet M. A case of epithelioma developed on a pilonidal sinus. Laval Med 1969;40(5):456−9.34. Marjani M.A. Basal cell epithelioma complicating a pilonidal sinus. Conn Med 1967;31(2):106−8.Marjani M.A. Basal cell epithelioma complicating a pilonidal sinus. Conn Med 1967;31(2):106−8.35. Yamada M., Osaka S. Case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in pilonidal cyst (sinus) or pyodermia chronica abscedens et suffodiens. Nippon Hifuka Gakkai ZasshiYamada M., Osaka S. Case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in pilonidal cyst (sinus) or pyodermia chronica abscedens et suffodiens. Nippon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi1972;82(5):307−12.;82(5):307−12.36. Puckett C.L., Silver D. Carcinoma developing in pilonidal sinus: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Am Surg 1973;39(3):151−5.Puckett C.L., Silver D. Carcinoma developing in pilonidal sinus: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Am Surg 1973;39(3):151−5.37. Lerner H.J., Deitrick G. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the pilonidal sinus: report of a case and review of the literature. J Surg Oncol 1979;11(2):177−83.Lerner H.J., Deitrick G. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the pilonidal sinus: report of a case and review of the literature. J Surg Oncol 1979;11(2):177−83.38. Philipshen S.J., Gray G., Goldsmith E., Dineen P. Carcinoma arising in pilonidal sinuses. Ann Surg 1981;193:506.Philipshen S.J., Gray G., Goldsmith E., Dineen P. Carcinoma arising in pilonidal sinuses. Ann Surg 1981;193:506.39. Jamieson N.V., Goode T.B. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus presenting with the formation of an abscess. Postgrad Med J 1982;58(685):720−1.Jamieson N.V., Goode T.B. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus presenting with the formation of an abscess. Postgrad Med J 1982;58(685):720−1.40. Lineaweaver W.C., Brunson M.B., Smith J.F. et al. Squamous carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus J Surg Oncol 1984; 27(4):239−42.Lineaweaver W.C., Brunson M.B., Smith J.F. et al. Squamous carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus J Surg Oncol 1984; 27(4):239−42.41. Mashiah A., Kogan I., Nissim F. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pilonidal area. Cutis 1984;33(6):582−3.Mashiah A., Kogan I., Nissim F. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pilonidal area. Cutis 1984;33(6):582−3.42. Bark T., Wilking N. Squamous-cell carcinoma in a pilonidal sinus. Case report. Acta Chir Scand 1986;152:703−4.Bark T., Wilking N. Squamous-cell carcinoma in a pilonidal sinus. Case report. Acta Chir Scand 1986;152:703−4.43. Mirceva D., Miskovski A., Boskovski L. et al. Malignant changes in the pilonidal sinus. Acta Chir Iugosl 1989;36(2):778−9.Mirceva D., Miskovski A., Boskovski L. et al. Malignant changes in the pilonidal sinus. Acta Chir Iugosl 1989;36(2):778−9.44. Adamek J., Antos F., Zeman V. Spinocellular carcinoma as a rare complication in pilonidal cyst. Rozhl Chir 1990;69(3):139−43.Adamek J., Antos F., Zeman V. Spinocellular carcinoma as a rare complication in pilonidal cyst. Rozhl Chir 1990;69(3):139−43.45. Kim Y.A., Thomas I. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29(2):272−4.Kim Y.A., Thomas I. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29(2):272−4.46. Santanelli F., Rubino C., Innocenzi D. et al. Free flap failure in a patient with a long standing, infected, squamous cell carcinoma. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand SurgSantanelli F., Rubino C., Innocenzi D. et al. Free flap failure in a patient with a long standing, infected, squamous cell carcinoma. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg1994;28(4):305−8.;28(4):305−8.47. Jeddy T.A., Vowles R.H., Southam J.A. Squamous cell carcinoma in a chronic pilonidal sinus. Br J Clin Pract 1994;48(3):160−1.Jeddy T.A., Vowles R.H., Southam J.A. Squamous cell carcinoma in a chronic pilonidal sinus. Br J Clin Pract 1994;48(3):160−1.48. Davis K.A., Mock C.N., Versaci A., Lentrichia P. Malignant degeneration of pilonidal cysts. Am Surg 1994;60(3):200−4.Davis K.A., Mock C.N., Versaci A., Lentrichia P. Malignant degeneration of pilonidal cysts. Am Surg 1994;60(3):200−4.49. Лаврешин П.М., Вартаков И.Е. Случай озлокачествления стенок эпителиального копчикового хода. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова 1996;5:95. 50. Kulaylat M.N., Gong M., Doerr R.J. Multimodality treatment of squamous cell carcinoma complicating pilonidal disease. Am Surg 1996;62(11):922−9.Лаврешин П.М., Вартаков И.Е. Случай озлокачествления стенок эпителиального копчикового хода. Вестник хирургии им. И.И. Грекова 1996;5:95. 50. Kulaylat M.N., Gong M., Doerr R.J. Multimodality treatment of squamous cell carcinoma complicating pilonidal disease. Am Surg 1996;62(11):922−9.51. Matsushita S., Ohtake N., Mochitomi Y. et al. A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. J Dermatol 2002; 29(11):757−8.Matsushita S., Ohtake N., Mochitomi Y. et al. A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus. J Dermatol 2002; 29(11):757−8.52. Adanali G., Senen D., Tuncel A. et al. Squamous cell carcinoma developing in a pilonidal sinus. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 110(5):1367−8.Adanali G., Senen D., Tuncel A. et al. Squamous cell carcinoma developing in a pilonidal sinus. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 110(5):1367−8.53. Cilingir M., Eroglu S., Karacaoglan N., Uysal A. Squamous carcinoma arising from chronic pilonidal disease. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;110(4):1196−8.Cilingir M., Eroglu S., Karacaoglan N., Uysal A. Squamous carcinoma arising from chronic pilonidal disease. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;110(4):1196−8.54. Atmatzidis K., Pavlidis T., Papaziogas B. et al. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a neglected pilonidal sinus. Int J Colorectal Dis 2002;17(2):129−30.Atmatzidis K., Pavlidis T., Papaziogas B. et al. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a neglected pilonidal sinus. Int J Colorectal Dis 2002;17(2):129−30.55. Agir H., Sen C., Cek D. Squamous cell carcinoma arising adjacent to a recurrent pilonidal disease. Dermatol Surg 2006; 32(9):1174−5.Agir H., Sen C., Cek D. Squamous cell carcinoma arising adjacent to a recurrent pilonidal disease. Dermatol Surg 2006; 32(9):1174−5.56. Frost B.M., Riddell A.D., Austin S., Stephenson B.M. Malignancy in an old pilonidal sinus. Colorectal Dis 2007; 9(9):857.Frost B.M., Riddell A.D., Austin S., Stephenson B.M. Malignancy in an old pilonidal sinus. Colorectal Dis 2007; 9(9):857.57. Nelson R., Lalonde D. Treatment of the chronic pilonidal sinus wound with a local perforator-assisted transposition flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;122(1):47−9.Nelson R., Lalonde D. Treatment of the chronic pilonidal sinus wound with a local perforator-assisted transposition flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;122(1):47−9.58. Mentes O., Akbulut M., Bagci M. Verrucous carcinoma (Buschke-Lowenstein) arising in a sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus tract: report of a case. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2008;393(1):111−4.Mentes O., Akbulut M., Bagci M. Verrucous carcinoma (Buschke-Lowenstein) arising in a sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus tract: report of a case. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2008;393(1):111−4.59. Hayden E.P. Medical progress: Proctology. N Engl J Med 1956;255:854.Hayden E.P. Medical progress: Proctology. N Engl J Med 1956;255:854.60. Singleton A.Q. Discussion of a paper on pilonidal sinus by M. Gage. Trans South Surg Assoc 1937;50:71.Singleton A.Q. Discussion of a paper on pilonidal sinus by M. Gage. Trans South Surg Assoc 1937;50:71.